| A | B |
|---|
| Reasons why Knights and Lords needed to take care of the fuedal peasants | Peasants kept them fed and served |
| Reasons for poor health and death? | Close proximity living, poor personal hygiene, disease and famine |
| Necessity for the raising and collections of taxes | Manors could no longer provide for itself |
| These revolutionized farming, bringing with them higher crop yields | Horses/ Heavy Plows |
| This was created so that horses could work against heavier weights | Horse collar |
| Reasons why horses revolutionized farming | Worked faster/ could travel longer distances to fields and still work/ could pull heavier weights |
| The use of what helped modernize mills | water/ water wheel |
| Stone masons were responsible for unifying culture with what style of architecture? | Gothic |
| During the High Middle Ages what changes to sculptures happen? | Citizens were now being immortalized and not just Kings and Emperors |
| This city would serve as the hub for world trade during the High Middle Ages | Venice |
| The first banks, known as Money Changers, were what | Tables or benches covered in ordinary cloths |
| The weighing of coins with scales to show value of the coins marked the return of what | Money usage |
| Small slips of paper known as Bills of Exchange and protected money from being stolen were the first what | checks |
| Money changers and early bankers were afraid of what because of the influence of the Church? | Charging interest |
| The Black Plague spread rapidly by what means? | Fleas from rats that were in towns and on boats |
| This allowed architecture to be "Bigger, Higher, and Brighter" by opening up walls with pillars that would support more weight | Flying buttresses |
| Two reasons farming increased in quantity and quality | Horse Power/ Heavy Plow |
| Allowed horses to pull greater weights, allowing for better field production | Horse collar |
| This allowed for the rotation of crops which produced more types and better quality of crops (Included leaving one fallow) | Three Field System |
| This was the largest city in Europe during the High Middle Ages | Paris |
| This was a new social class because of the rise of cities | Middle Class |
| This was the name given to walled towns | Burghs |
| This was what people came to towns to get because they believed they belonged to Jesus or Christian Saints | Holy Relics |
| The rise of these came because Manors could no longer sustain themselves and trade was increasing | Fairs |
| These forbid competition among merchants in the same trade, they set standards, just prices, and monies paid to the group | Guilds |
| The steps to advancement inside a trade were | Apprentice/ Journeyman/ Master |
| Serfs that were leaving Manors to go to towns could win their freedom if they | Stayed in the town for a year and a day |
| The use of money returns and was the | Greatest weapon of the Burghers (those living in the towns, Burghs) to escape Lords and taxes |
| Monies paid to a Lord for a town to have special privileges and tax exemptions | Charter |
| Leading Bishops who picked the Pope starting during the reform efforts | Cardinals |
| New Reformed Rules for the Church | Marriage of Priests/ Simony (Buying and selling influential posts in the Church)/ Lay Investiture (ceremonies where Bishops received their Church Office) |
| Foremost reformer/ Orders Priests to leave their wives and families and stops Lay Investiture | Gregory VII |
| German ruler who fought against the Pope who in return excommunicated him | Henry IV |
| If this happened to a King their Vassals would no longer have to give their loyalties | Excommunication |
| Only the Church could grant a Bishop a ring a staff (Office) but allowed the Emperor to grant lands to Bishops | Concordat of Worms (Vawrms) |
| When the right to hold marriages or other sacred ceremonies in a particular place were taken away | Interdict |
| Someone with different or no religious beliefs | Heretics |
| In 1225 Church officials go out to find and judge heretics | Inquisition |
| Old style of building modeled after Roman architecture | Romanesque |
| Earliest order of friars, Spanish in origin, good scholars, wore white robes | Dominicans |
| These Monks were Italian, followed the son of a rich merchant who gave it all up, believed all creatures were spiritual brothers and sisters, and wore brown robes | Franciscans |
| Descendant of Rollo the Viking, came from Normandy with an army of heavy horse soldiers, distant relative of the dead King, battles Godwinson an English Noble and wins the crown | William Duke of Normandy (The Conqueror) |
| Where William the Conqueror defeats Godwinson | Battle of Hastings |
| William the Conqueror's Great Grandson who brings about the Royal Courts | Henry II |
| Royal Courts worked too | Collect Taxes/ Settled Lawsuits/ Punished Crimes/ Jury System (12 Neighbors) |
| Following the end of Charlemagne's reign France was largely ruled as | Individual territories |
| Under William the Conqueror England becomes | the most centralized feudal kingdom in Europe |
| Expands Germany's influence, wants to recreate Charlemagne's Empire, Invaded Italy for their riches, saves Pope and is crowned Emperor, rules over Holy Roman Empire | Otto The Great (Otto I) |
| Tried to keep the German empire together following Otto The Great, Continues to raid Italian towns for riches upsetting merchants who go to the Pope, is defeated by the Lombard League | Fredrick Barbarossa |
| First time in battle where a heavy horse army is defeated by a band of foot soldiers made up of merchants that banded together | Lombard League |
