| A | B |
|---|
| Moctezuma | ruler of the Aztec empire |
| Atahualpa | ruler of the Inca empire |
| conquistadors | Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territory |
| colonization | the process of establishing settlements outside of the country |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire |
| Malinche | Native interpreter who helped Cortes defeat the Aztec |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital |
| Nahuatl | Aztec language |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca |
| smallpox | one of the diseases brought by Europeans to the Americas that killed millions of Natives |
| Cuzco | Inca capital |
| New Spain | former Aztec lands now under the control of the Spanish |
| Viceroyalty of Peru | former Inca lands now under the control of the Spanish |
| bullion | precious metals melted into bars |
| cacao | seeds that were the source of cocoa and chocolate |
| cochineal | American insects shipped back to Europe and were used for the red dye they produced |
| pagan | related to a religion with many gods |
| quipu | Inca record keeping device made of knotted strings |
| immunity | the ability of the body to fight a disease |
