| A | B |
|---|
| island | a piece of land that is surrounded by water |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses.has water on two sides. |
| lake | a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides. |
| delta | a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited in here.it is often (but not always) shaped like a triangle |
| archipelago | a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean. |
| gulf | a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay). |
| peninsula | a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. |
| butte | a flat-topped rock or hill formation with steep sides. |
| strait | a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water |
| volcano | a mountainous vent in the Earth's crustit spews out lava, ashes, and hot gases from deep inside the Earth. |
| sound | a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline; it often separates a coastline from a nearby island. |
| canyon | a deep valley with very steep sides - often carved from the Earth by a river. |
| Magma | molten rock within the Earth's crust |
| lava | When magma erupts through the earth's surface |
| crust. | outermost layer of the Earth |
| mantle | the layer in Earth's interior between the crust and the core. .composed mainly of ferro-magnesium silicates. It is about 2900 km thick.where most of the internal heat of the Earth is located |
| core | separated into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. |
| outter core | 2300 km thick composed mainly of a nickel-iron alloy. liquid |
| inner core | is 1200 km thick. almost entirely composed of iron |
| Plate tectonics | a geological model in which the Earth's lithosphere (crust and upper most mantle) is divided into a number of more-or-less rigid segments which move in relation to one another. |
| Fault | a fracture or zone of fractures in rock along which the two sides have been displaced relative to each other . surfaces along which rocks have fractured and been displaced. |
| convection. | The process which actually drives the motion at platesMagma is pushed upwards through the ridge cracks by currents |
| convergent | when the same type of plates crash into eachother.oceanic ->chain of islands, cont-> mountains |
| spreading | when plates pull apart from eachother |
| subduction | when 2 diff plates crash.Oceanic slides under & cont. slides over |
| faulting | when plates sid & grind past eachother |
| Ring of Fire | Volcanic arcs and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin.a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions |
| continental drift theory | states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. |
| sea floor spreding | the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge |
| pangea | Pangaea was a supercontinent consisting of all of Earth's land masses 200 million years ago, |
| geology | study of the earth's physical structure & history |
| % 0f water on earth | About 70 percent |
| volcanism | movement of magma or molten rock inside the earth |
| fold | rock layers that bend or buckle |
| Relief | The variations in elevation and slope between the higher and lower parts of a given landscape. |
| rift valley | A valley caused by extension of the Earth's crust. Its floor forms as a portion of the crust moves downward along normal faults . |
