| A | B |
|---|
| Geology | The study of the Earth's physical structures and history |
| Crust | The solid, rocky, surfacelayer of the Earth |
| % of water on Earth | 70% |
| Island | Landmass completely surrounded by water |
| Isthmus | A narrow strip of land with water on each side, and joining two larger bodies of water |
| Delta | A piece of land, usually triangular, at the mouth of a river |
| Lake | A body of water, larger than a pond or pond, smaller than a sea or ocean |
| Magma | Molten rock from Earth's mantle |
| Faults | A fracture or break in th Earth's crust |
| Continental Drift Theory | The idea that continents slowly shift their positions due to movement of the techtonic plates on which they ride |
| Convection | Circular movement caused when a material is heated, expands and rises, then cools and falls |
| Converging | When plates of the same type collide and push against eachother, forming mountains |
| Core | The Earth's center, consisting of very hot metal that is dense and solid in the inner core, and molten or liquid in the outer |
| Continents | Seven large masses on the Earth's surface |
| 4 major types of landforms | * def needed |
| archipelago | A group of islands |
| peninsula | A strip of land that juts out into the ocean |
| gulf | A body of water typically larger than a bay, partially enclosed by land |
| butte | A steep hill standing alone in a plain |
| lava | Magma that breaks through the surface of the Earth in a volcanic eruption |
| Plate Techtonics | The theory of the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates, whose constant movement explains earthquakes and volcanic activity |
| Sea Floor Spreading | The theory that the rocks from a rift valley spread apart from eachother during sea foor spreading, causing them to take along older rock as well |
| Spreading | When two plates spread apart causing a fault in the Earth's crust |
| Faulting | Fracturing or breaking the Earth's crust |
| Mantle | A thick layer of mostly solidrock beneath the Earth's crust that surrounds the Earth's core |
| Relief | The differences in elevation of the landforms in any particular area |
| Strait | A narrow water way conecting two larger bodies of water |
| Volcano | Break in the Earth's crust ejecting molten rock inside the Earth |
| Sound | A wide channel or strait |
| Canyon | A long narrow valley between two higher cliffs |
| Volcanism | Movement of magma and molten rock inside the Earth |
| Fold | A bend or bucklein the Earth's crust |
| Pangea | The origional supercontinent |
| Rift Valley | A large split along the crust of an underwater mountain system where small earthquakes and volcaniceruptions frequently occur |
| Subduction | When an oceanic plate meets a continental plate, and slids beneath it |
| Ring of Fire | A ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the rim of the Pacific Ocean |
