| A | B |
|---|
| geology | study of the earth's physical structure |
| crust | thin rocky surfaceof the earth |
| % of water on the earth | about 70% |
| island | a piece of land that is surrounded by water |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses, and has water on two sides |
| delta | a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river |
| lake | a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides |
| magma | molten rock within the Earth's crust |
| faults | cracks in Earth's surface caused by internal forces |
| Continental Drift Theory | Pangea drifted apart to form the different continents over 1,000's of years |
| convection | a circular movement that occurs when materials are heated, expands and rises, than cools and falls, than repeats the process all over again |
| converging | 2 plates of the same type, oceanic or continental, crash into each other |
| inner core | solid and made of very dense/ heavy materials (iron-nickel alloy) |
| outer core | molten, liquid metals, that are extremely hot |
| 4 major types of landforms | mountains, rivers, butte, mesa |
| archipelago | a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean |
| pennisula | a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides |
| gulf | a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay) |
| butte | a flat-topped rock or hill formation with steep sides |
| lava | when magma erupts through the earth's surface it is called |
| plate tectonics | Earth's outer shell/crust is not 1 solid piece of rock, the crust is made up of moving plates that slide over the hot fluid part of the mantle |
| sea floor spreading | the thoery that the rocks from a rift valley spread apart from eachother during seafloor spraeding, causing them to take along older rocks as well |
| faulting | when plates slide or grind passed each other |
| mantle | surrounds the core and is a thick layer of rock that has pockets of magma (melted rock) |
| strait | is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water |
| volcano | is a mountainous vent in the Earth's crust |
| sound | a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline; it often separates a coastline from a nearby island |
| canyon | a deep valley with very steep sides - often carved from the Earth by a river |
| volcanism | movement of magma, molten rock, inside the earth |
| fold | a bend or buckle in the earth's crust, usually found where the seafloor is sliding beneath a continent |
| Pangea | supercontinent, some believe to be one big mass |
| Rift Valley | a large split along the crest of an underwater mountain system where small earthquakes and volcanic erruptions frequently occur |
| subduction | when a oceanic plate meets a continental plate and slides beneath it |
| Ring Of Fire | a ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the rim of the Pacific Ocean |
