| A | B |
|---|
| Atahualpa | Incan ruler conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1531 |
| Southwest | portion of North America explored by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado |
| Quetzalcoatl | the Feathered Serpent, an Aztec god |
| Quebec | first permanent French settlement in the Americas |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec |
| Robert de La Salle | explorer who reached the mouth of the Mississippi in 1682 |
| St. Augustine | oldest city in the United States started by Europeans |
| King Louis XIV | person for whom Robert de La Salle named the lands of the Mississippi valley |
| Samuel de Champlain | called "the Father of New France" |
| Algonquin and Huron | Native Americans encountered by Samuel de Champlain |
| claimed Louisiana for France | Robert de La Salle |
| Mexico City | Spanish capital that replaced Tenochtitlan |
| Veracruz | colony founded by Hernan Cortes |
| Henry Hudson | made the first claims for the Dutch in North America |
| Juana Ines de la Cruz | a nun and poet from New Spain |
| pueblos | Spanish towns established for trade |
| peninsulares | held the highest position in Spanish colonies |
| missions | religious communities in Spanish-held territory |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola |
| Lima | where Francisco Pizarro set up his capital |
| conquistador | Spanish term for conqueror |
| vicroy | governing official put in charge of New Spain and Peru by Spain |
| borderlands | Northern edge of the Spanish Territory |
| presidio | forts built near a mission |
| creole | had Spanish parents but were born in New Spain |
| mestizos | mixed Spanish and Native American blood in New Spain |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish priest that devoted his life to helping Native Americans have better treatment |
| Jacques Cartier | claimed land around the St. Lawrence River for France |
| Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette | Explored the Mississippi River for France |
| John Cabot | Rediscovered Newfoundland and claimed for England |
