| A | B |
|---|
| alcohol | organic compound that includes one or more hydroxyl groups; hydrophilic ex. sugar |
| amino acid | an organic molecule with a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group, all covalently bonded to a carbon atom |
| ATP | energy-carrying nucleotide with adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups |
| carbohydrate | molecule of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen mostly in a 1:2:1 ratio; structural materials, energy stores, and transportable energy forms. made upof sugar monomers |
| condensation reaction | two molecules become covalently bonded into a larger molecule forming water- enzumes remove hydroxyl and hydrogen |
| denaturation | loss of a molecules three demensional shape as weak bonds of protein or nucleic acids are disrupted |
| DNA | double-stranded nucleic acid molecule |
| enzymes | a protein that greatly speeds reactions between substances, most often functional groups |
| fat | lipid with a glyceral and one, two, or three fatty acid tails. tryglycerides have 3 |
| fatty acid | molecule with a backbone of as many as 36 carbon atols, a carboxyl at one end, and hydrogen atoms at all or most of the other bonding sites -sat =unsat |
| functional group | an atom or a group of atoms that is convalently bonded to the carbon backbone of an organic compound and that influences its chemical behavior |
| hemoglobin | protein of red blood cells |
| hydrolysis | clevage reaction that breaks covalent bonds and splits a molecule into wo or more parts. adds hydroxyl and hydrogen |
| lipid | largely hydrocarbon; generally hydrophobic byt dissolve in nonpolar substances |
| monosaccharide | one of the simple carbohydrates; a single sugar monomer ex. glucose |
| nucleic acid | single- or double- stranded chain of four kinds of nucleotdes joined at a phosplate group |
| nucleotide | rganic compounds consisting of a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group |
| oligosaccharide | short-chained carbohydrate of two or more covalently bonded sugar monomers |
| organic compound | molecule of one or more elements covalently bonded to some number of carbon atoms |
| phospholipid | organic compound that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a hydrophilic head |
| polypeptide chain | organic compound with a sequece of three or more amino acids |
| polysaccharide | straight or branched chain of many covalently linked sugar units of the same or different kinds. ex. cellulose, starch, glycogen |
| protein | organic compound composed of one or more polypeptide chains. made of amino acids |
| RNA | single-stranded nucleic acids |
| sterol | lipid with a rigid backbne offour fused carbon rings. differ in number, postion, and type of their functional goups. |
| toxin | a normal metabolic product of one species with chemical effects that can hurt or kill individuals |
| triglyceride | type of lipid that has three fatty acids attachedto a glycerol |
| wax | long-chain fatty acids linked to ling-chained alcohols or to carbon rings |
