| A | B |
|---|
| Hospitality | Extreme generosity. Against law to turn anyone away from the door. |
| Honor | Your character, respect, dignity, glory and reputation |
| Clans | Groups based on family ties. |
| Best man | Who you take to steal wives from neighboring tribes. |
| Chieftain | Leader of the clan. Usually a great military leader. |
| Valhalla | German afterlife. Feast and fight forever. |
| Blood feuds | Quarrels in which the families of the original fighters seek revenge for generations. |
| Oaths | Your sacred word by witness of the gods. |
| Oath-helpers | Swore the accused was telling the truth. |
| Trial by Ordeal | Your guilt or innocence decided by the gods in a severe test. |
| Vandals | German tribe moves into N. Africa and takes Carthage. Captures Roman fleet and raids all over the Empire – vandalism. |
| Eastern Empire | Byzantine Empire |
| The Dark Ages | Time of barbarism – lack of learning and knowledge in Europe. |
| Pope | claimed successor of Peter and successor of Christ. Leader of western Christians in sea of German barbarians. |
| Missionaries | Carry the faith to pagans – nonbelievers. |
| Monasteries | Religious communities of men who devote their lives to Christ and helping people-monks. |
| Convents | Religious communities of women-nuns. |
| Benedictine Rule | Rules monks and nuns must follow. |
| Franks | Germanic group establishes a kingdom in Gaul (France) |
| Charlemagne | Opened schools, converted the Saxons, invaded Spain, and "Holy Roman Emperor:" |
| fiefs | Land for military service. |
| Song of Roland | Legendary story about the heroic last stand of Charlemagne’s rear guard. |
| sword | God's word |
| cursive writing | Invented by monks to copy books. |
| Three reasons Rome fell | 1. No rule succession 2. Legions leave borders 3. German invasions |
| pants | Barbarian clothing |
| activity of German men | drinking, gambling and fighting |
| Huns | invaders from Northern China |
| Attila | Leader of the Huns |
| Hunnish war bow | Great Hun weapon made Roman armor into swiss cheese. |
| Pope Leo the Great | Bribed Attila so he wouldn't attack Rome. |
| Death of Attila | Drunken nosebleed |
| Holy Roman Empire | Charlemagne's empire which was a brief light in the Dark Ages. |
| Paul | Co-founder of Christianity along with Jesus. |
| A.D. | Anno Domini -"In the year of our Lord" |
| B.C. | Before Christ |
| St. Peter | Jesus said "upon you I'll build my church." |
