| A | B |
|---|
| two or more people interacting on the basis of shared experience, interests, and mutual dependency | What are social groups? |
| small group characterized by intimate, personal interaction | What are primary groups? |
| large group characterized by formal, impersonal interaction | What are secondary groups? |
| forms of interaction through which people relate to each other | Define social processes |
| Exchange, Cooperation, Competition, Conflict | List the four types of social processes |
| voluntarily trade tangible or intangible benefits | Exchange |
| work together to achieve shared goals | Cooperation |
| struggle over scarce resources regulated by shared rules | Competition |
| struggle over scarce resources not regulated by shared rules | Conflict |
| large, secondary groups organized to accomplish a task | Formal Organization |
| Utilitarian, Normative, Coercive | Three Types of Formal Organizations |
| pursue goals of material rewards | Utilitarian Organization |
| pursue goals of personal satisfaction | Normative Organization |
| nonvoluntary participation | Coercive Organization |
| organizations designed to maximize efficiency | Bureaucracy |
| specialization, hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical qualification, impersonal relationship, formal communication | Characteristics of bureaucracy |
| alienation, ritualism, structured inequality | Problems with bureaucracy |
| folkways, mores, laws | Norms |
| violation of cultural norms (folkways, mores) | Deviance |
| violation of criminal laws | Crime |
| also known as street crime, consists of violent crimes and property crimes | Traditional Crime |
| use or threat of use of violence, a crime against a person(s) (homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault) | Violent crime |
| taking property without consent, crime against property (burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson) | Property crime |
| the 8 crimes in the UCR for crime rate: aggravated assault, homicide, rape, robbery, arson, burglary, larceny, motor vehilcle theft | Index crime |
| total number of index crimes per 100,000 population | Crime Rate |
| crime is a social problem, caused by factors in society, solution is changes in the system | Sociological Theories of Crime |
| suggests that deviance results whenever there is a disparity between institutionalized goals and the means available to reach them. Individuals caught in this dilemma may reject the goals or the means or both. In doing so, they become deviants. Key Idea: crime occurs when culturally approved goals can’t be reached by culturally approved means | Merton’s Strain Theory |
| condition that occurs when there is disparity between economic goals (values) and institutional means (norms) | Strain |
| Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion | Modes of Adaptation |
| insert chart | Describe Modes of Adaptation |
| Crime is learned, peer influences promote criminality, learning criminal attitudes is more important. Key Idea: crime occurs when people learn criminal behavior from peers. (learning - crime) | Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory (Learning Theory) |
| Frequency: how often you spend time, Duration: how much time during each association, Priority: how early association occurs, Intensity: how important association is | Variables that effect learning |
| social bonds prevent the commitment of crime, Key Idea: crime occurs when social bonds are weakened. (social bonds -crime) | Hirschi’s Social Control Theory (Social Bond Theory) |
| Attachment: degree to which we care about others’ opinions, Commitment: investment in conventional pursuits, Involvement: engagement in legitimate activities, Belief: acceptance of conventional norms and values | Four components of a bond |
