| A | B |
|---|
| Geology | The study of the Earth and its landforms. |
| Crust | The solid, rocky, surface layer of the earth. |
| Water Percentage on Earth | 70 Percent |
| Island | A land mass, especially smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. |
| Isthmus | A narrow strip of land having water on each side and joining two bodies of land. |
| Delta | A piece of land located at a rivermouth. |
| Lake | A large inland body of fresh water or salt water. |
| Magma | The molten rock material under the earth's crust. |
| Faults | Fractures, or breaks, in the earth's crust. |
| Continental Drift Theory | The idea that continents slowly shirft their positions due to movement of the tectonic lates on which they ride. |
| Convection | A circular movement caused when a material is heated, expands and rises, and cools and falls. |
| Two Types of Converging | Converging of Same Plates; Converging of Different Plates |
| Core | The earth's center, consisting of very hot metal that is dense and solid in the inner core and molten, or liquid, in the outer core. |
| Continents | Large landmasses of the earth's surface. |
| Four Major Landforms | Mountains, Hills, Plateaus, Plains |
| Archipelago | A group of islands. |
| Peninsula | A strip of land that juts out into an ocean. |
| Gulf | A large area of sea or ocean partially enclosed by land. |
| Butte | A hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding area and has sloping slides and a flat top. |
| Lava | Magma, or molten rock from the earth's mantle, that breaks through the surface of the earth during volcanic activity. |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates. |
| Sea Floor Spreading | The theory in which molten rock from the mantle rises under the underwater ridge and breaks through a split at the top of the ridge. |
| Spreading | When plates pull away from each other. |
| Faulting | When plates slip or gride past each other. |
| Mantle | A thick layer of mostly solid rock beneath the earth's crust that surrounds the earth's core. |
| Relief | The differences in elevation of the landforms in any particular area. |
| Strait | A narrow channel joining two large bodies of water. |
| Volcano | An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, gas, and ash are ejected. |
| Sound | A long, relatively wide body of water, larger than a strait or channel, connecting two larger bodies of water. |
| Canyon | A narrow opening in the earth's crust with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by running water. |
| Volcanism | Movement of magma inside the earth. |
| Fold | A bend or buckle in the earth's crust. |
| Pangea | A supercontinent in which all of the landmasses of the earth were connected. |
| Rift Valley | A large split along the crest of an underwater mountain system. |
| Subduction | When an oceanic plate meets a continental plate and the oceanic plate slides under the continental plate. |
| Ring of Fire | A ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the rim of the Pacific Ocean |
