| A | B |
|---|
| Mesoamerica | region from northern Mexico to the northern coast of South America |
| maize, squash, beans | three staple crops of Mesoamerica |
| Olmecs | earliest civilization of Mesoamerica |
| Maya | culture whose city-states included Copan |
| Hero Twins | legendary figures in the Popol Vuh |
| Popul Vuh | collection of Mayan myths and legends |
| ritual ball games and blood-letting | religious practices of the Maya |
| Aksum | African kingdom that came after Meroe |
| Bantu | African language family |
| animism | belief in spirits inhabiting nature |
| bananas | Indonesia crop introduced into Africa |
| Jenne-Jeno | African-city state in Niger Delta |
| Kintampo | area of rainforest agriculture |
| Nubia | area south of Egypt on the Nile River |
| sahel | area between desert and savannah in Africa |
| Minoans and Mycenaeans | early Aegean civlizations |
| Homer | legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Trojan War | subject matter of the Iliad |
| Titchitt-Oualatta villages | villages in Mauritania noted for masonry, animal husbandry, and agriculture |
| Meroe | Nubian kingdom beginning about 650 BCE |
| savanna | grasslands between sahel and rainforests in Africa |
| Cyrus the Great | founder of Achaemenid Persian empire |
| Persian War | war between Greeks and large empire to their east |
| Persians | people who fought Greece and were conquered by Alexander |
| pre-Socratic philosophers | Greek thinkers more concerned with nature than with human behavior |
| Sophists | professional Greek teachers of rhetoric and the study of humans |
| Socrates | Athenian teacher who was executed |
| Plato | student of Socrates, author of the Republic |
| Aristotle | teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Philip of Macedon | father of Alexander the Great |
| Alexander the Great | conqueror of Persia, Egypt, and parts of India |
| Ptolemies | Hellenistic rulers of Egypt |
| Asoka | Indian ruler who supported Buddhism |
| avatars | incarnations of gods or humans |
| Buddhism | religion that addressed source of misery |
| Mauryans | post-Alexander rulers of Indus valley |
| Stoics and Epicurians | Hellenistic philosophers |
| Etruscans and Latins | early inhabitants of Italy |
| Aeneas | legendary Trojan general who settled in Italy |
| Romulus and Remus | legendary founders of Rome |
| Tarquin the Proud | last king of Rome |
| Roman Republic | government established after Tarquin the Proud was driven out |
| Senate | Roman representative assembly |
| latifundia | Roman plantations |
| jati (castes) | Indian social divisions, subdivision of varnas |
| slavery | cause of Roman social problems |
| Julius Caesar | Roman statesman and dictator for life |
| Cleopatra | Ptolemaic queen who was associated with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony |
| Augustus Caesar | adopted son of Julius Caesar |
| Chandragupta Maurya | successor to Alexander in India |
| roads, aqueducts, temples | public works of Augustus Caesar |
| dharma | duty (Hinduism) |
| Diocletian | ruler who saved Rome after the Crash of the Third Century |
| Constantine | first Christian emperor of Rome |
| Paul | Christian missionary to the gentiles |
| New Testament | Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Revelations |
| karma | merit, result of dharma (Hinduism) |
| moksha | freedom from rebirth (Hinduism) |
| sansara | cycle of rebirth (Hinduism) |
| the Buddha | enlightened one (Gautama Siddhartha) |
| varnas | four classes of Hindus |
| four noble truths | core of Buddhist teaching |
| bread and circuses | free food and entertainment provided by the Roman government |
| Crash of the Third Century | Roman crisis of government before Diocletian |
| Mediterranean Sea | body of water at the heart of the Roman Empire |
| Roman Empire | one-man rule begun by Augustus |
| Ahura Mazda | Zoroastrian god of light |
| Christianity | religion of followers of Jesus |
| Jesus | founder of Christianity |
| Jewish Diaspora | spred of Jews outside of homeland |
| Zoroastrianism | religion of struggle between light and dark |
| Analects | writings of Confucius |
| Daoism | philosophy of Laotsu |
| five relationships | key idea of Confucius |
| Great Wall of China | defensive work of Shihuangdi |
| Han Dynasty | established Chinese civil service exams |
| Legalism | Chinese philosophy of strict government, harsh punishments |
| Liu Bang | founder of Han dynasty |
| Mencius | student of Confucius (optimistic) |
| Xunzi | student of Confucius (suspicious) |
| Qin Dynasty | rule of Shihuangdi and his son |
| secret societies | Chinese self-help groups |
| Red Eyebrows | Chinese secret society (end of Han) |
| Shihuangdi | Qin emperor |
| Archimedes | "Give me a lever . . . " |
| Parmenides | philosopher of motion |
