| A | B |
|---|
| adhesion | attractive forces between unlike substances |
| cohesion | attractive forces between particles of same kind |
| capillarity | movement of water up narrow tubes against gravity |
| hydrogen bond | weak bonds that form between water molecules and between other polar substances |
| polar | molecule with unequal distribution of charge, such as water |
| organic | compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and often other elements |
| inorganic | compound that does not contain carbon and hydrogen |
| macromolecule | large polymer |
| monomer | small, simple molecules or building blocks, represented by single bead |
| polymer | complex molecules that consist of repeated, linked units |
| hydrolysis | breakdown process that involves addition of water to break bonds between molecules |
| condensation reaction | also called dehydration synthesis, process of linking monomers by removing water |
| functional group | clusters of atoms that determine characteristics of the molecule |
| carbohydrates | organic compound containing C, H, & O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen |
| proteins | organic compounds with C, H, O, and N, make up muscles, skin, and enzymes |
| nucleic acids | very large organic molecules that store important information in cells, such as DNA & RNA |
| lipids | large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water, high amount of hydrogens |
| monosaccharides | basic unit of carbohydrates, simple sugars, C6H12O6, such as glucose |
| disaccharides | double sugars, C12H22O11, such as lactose |
| polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates made of 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together |
| amino acids | monomer building blocks of proteins |
| dipeptide | 2 amino acids bonded together |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids |
| nucleotide | monomer building block of nucleic acids |
| peptide bond | type of covalent bond that links amino acids |
| fatty acids and glycerol | monomer building blocks that make up most lipids |
| enzyme | organic catalyst, special proteins that speed up chemical reactionsq |
| substrate | reactant acted on by enzyme |
| active site | part of an enzyme that attaches to substrate |
| induced fit | "forced fit" between enzyme and substrate |
