| A | B |
|---|
| haploid | having one set of chromosomes |
| diploid | having two sets of chromosomes |
| triploid | having three sets of chromosomes (usually sterile) |
| meiosis | process of cell division that produces haploid cells |
| gametes | cells that function in sexual reproduction |
| egg | gamete produced by the female |
| sperm | gamete produced by the male |
| ovary | organ that produces eggs |
| testis | organ that produces sperm |
| zygote | cell resulting from combination of egg and sperm cells |
| fertilization | process by which haploid nucleus of sperm cell combines with haploid nucleus of egg cell to produce diploid cell |
| Downs Syndrome | genetic disorder in humans from having 3 chromosomes of the 21st pair |
| gene | DNA molecule that codes for a trait |
| genotype | the combination of genes in the cells of an individual |
| phenotype | the trait or feature displayed by an individual due to gene combinations, how the individual looks |
| XY | combination of chromosomes (23rd pair in humans) resulting in male |
| XX | combination of chromosomes ( 23rd pair in humans) resulting in female |
| homozygous | having both alleles of the gene the same |
| heterozygous | having different alleles of the gene |
| dominant allele | allele that expresses its trait whether homozygous or heterozygous |
| recessive allele | allele that expresses its trait only if homozygous |
| sex-linked trait | trait determined by alleles on the X chromosome of the 23rd pair in humans |
| colorblindness | sex-linked trait in humans |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
