| A | B |
|---|
| physiology | study of the functions of body structures |
| anatomy | study of the structure of the body |
| regional anatomy | all structures in a particular body region studied simultaneously |
| systemic anatomy | all organs of an organ system studied together |
| gross anatomy | study of easily visible structures |
| microscopic anatomy | study of structures not visible to the naked eye |
| developmental anatomy | study of changes in body structure throughout the lifetime of the body |
| embryology | study of changes from conception to birth |
| histology | study of body tissues |
| cytology | study of cells |
| maintenance of boundaries | keeps body's internal environment distinct from external environment |
| growth | occurs when constructive processes occur at a faster rate than destructive processes |
| excretion | elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs and of nitrogenous waste by the kidneys |
| responsiveness | ability to react to stimuli |
| maintenance of boundaries | for the whole body, the skin; at cellular level, membranes |
| optimal body temperature, nutrients, water, oxygen, atmospheric pressure | five major survival needs |
| carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals | four types of nutrients needed by the body |
| atmospheric pressure | essential for normal operation of respiratory system |
| water | accounts for nearly 70% of body weight |
| oxygen | required for release of energy from food |
| water | provides basis for body fluids of all types |
| body temperature | when too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional |
| homeostasis | dynamic state of equilibrium within which internal conditions vary within narrow limits |
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen | four main elements that make up the body |
| cell | basic unit of all living things |
| organelles | tiny structures that carry on the functions of the cell |
| nucleus | organelle especially concerned with cell reproduction |
| mitochondrion | organelle that supplies cellular energy |
| tissue | composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function |
| organ | composed of several types of tissues and performs a specific function within a system |
| organism | combination of all body systems |
| cell | smallest living portion of any living thing |
| responsiveness | ability to react to stimuli |
| metabolism | all chemical reactions of the body |
