| A | B |
|---|
| Vietnam final withdrawl of U.S. troops | U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973, The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese army in April 1975 marked the true end of the Vietnam War and the U.S evacuated its embassy. |
| Detente | In the earl 70s Nixon's policy of a relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China. This is a French word meaning an easing of tensions between the world's superpowers |
| Nixon's visit to China | U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. It marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, who at that time considered the U.S. one of its staunchest foes. |
| Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) | Signed by President Nixon in 1972: An anti-ballistic missile treaty made between U.S and USSR. It limited both nations to two clusters of defensive missiles., 1972: Signed by US and Soviet Union to slow nuclear arms race |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations. |
| OPEC oil embargo, caused an energy crisis | 1973 Cut off supply of oil as protest of U.S. support of Israel |
| Embargo | A ban on trade |
| Nixon's Southern Strategy | Nixon tried to get white southern voters to back him by: Getting the backing of Strom Thurmond - Republican Senator from S. Carolina. Nixon tried to cut funding for the enforcement of the fair housing laws. Tried to prevent the extension of provisions in the Voting Rights Act. Asked Congress to stop the forced busing of students to improve integration. This was a successful political strategy for Nixon |
| Camp David Accords | Brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter(1978) were negotiated at the presidential retreat of Camp David by Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel Menachem Begin;They led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the Red Sea and Suez Canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries. |
| U.S. Boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics | The U.S. and several other countries chose not to participate in the 1980 Summer Olympics to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. |
| Kent State | An Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4,1970, wounding nine and killing four. |
| Title IX | 1972; Title IX of Federal Education Amendment to the 1964 Civil Rights Act requires substantially equal spending for young women in college and university sports, or any activity receiving Federal financial assistance |
| Watergate | The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment. |
| Roe v. Wade | The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus in the third trimester. |
| Stagflation | During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. |
| American Indian Movement | formed in 1968 an early organization was formed to address various issues concerning the Native American community including poverty, housing, treaty issues, and police harassment |
| Gerald Ford | the first president to be solely elected by a vote from Congress. He entered the office in August of 1974 when Nixon resigned. He pardoned Nixon of all crimes that he may have committed. The Vietnam War ended in 1975, in which Ford evacuated nerely 500,000 Americans and South Vietnamese from Vietnam. He closed the war. |
| Environmentalism | Movement with roots in earlier conservation, preservation, and public health movements that grew into power after 1970, when concern mounted over the disruption of ecological balances and critical habitats |
| Moral Majority | a political organization founded by Rev. Jerry Falwell, an evangelical minister who preached with great success agaisnt sexual permissiveness, abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay rights. |
| Busing | The transportation of public school students from areas where they live to schools in other areas to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns. |
| affirmative action | programs intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities |
| Bakke v.University of California | (1978) Ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances. |
| Feminism | a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women |
| Phyllis Schlafly | anti-feminist who led the campaign to defeat the ERA claiming it would undermine the american family |
| Woodstock | 3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s, nearly 1/2M gather in a 600 acre field |
| summer of love | refers to the summer of 1967 when as many as 100,000 people converged on the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of SF creating a phenomenon of cultural and political rebellion; SF was the center of the hippie revolution and became a defining moment in the 1960s as the hippie counterculture movement came into public awareness (also, social experimentation in methods of living—communal living, sharking, free love) |
| hippies | believed in anti-materalism, free use of drugs, they had a casual attitude toward sex and anti-conformity, (1960s) practiced free love and took drugs, flocked to San Francisco- low rent/interracial, they lived in communal "crash pads", smoked marijuana and took LSD, sexual revolution, new counter culture, Protestors who influenced US involvement in Vietnam |
| Rachel Carson | published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the environmental damage done by DDT and other pesticides. Which heightened public awareness at the start of the modern environmental movement. |
| Earth Day | a holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on April 22, 1970 |
| Three Mile Island | An accident at the nuclear plant at this location that caused a radiation leak and forced the evacuation of 140,000 people near the site. The story made headlines around the world and seemed to confirm people's fears about nuclear power. |
| Environmental Protection Agency | EPA: 1970 an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment |
| Watergate | The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment. |
| Bob Woodward | Investigative reporter for Washington Post helped uncover the Watergate scandal that led to U.S. President Richard Nixon's resignation |
| Carl Bernstein | journalist for the Washington Post that helped uncover the Watergate scandal with Bob Woodward earning the Post the Pulitzer Prize for public service, wrote All the Presidents Men |
| Saturday night massacre | Archibald Cox, the prosecutor of the Watergate scandal case who had issued a subpoena of the tapes, was fired. Both the attorney general and deputy general resigned because they, themselves did not want to fire Cox. *all due to watergate scandal |
| impeachment | House Action that formally charges an official with wrongdoing. Conviction requires 2/3 vote from the Senate |
| pardon | a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense *Ford pardoned Nixon |
| stagflation | During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. |
| Robert Kennedy | Robert Kennedy was the U.S. attorney general from 1961 to 1964 and a U.S. senator from New York from 1965 to 1968. On June 5, 1968, while in Los Angeles campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination, Kennedy was shot. |
| Draft Dodgers | to avoid being drafted into the military Many young men tried to dodge the draft by leaving the country. |
| The Smothers Brothers | challenged the censors at CBS and the political establishment who tried to tame their wildly popular -- and politically left-leaning -- show, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. |
| Haight Ashbury | a thriving San Francisco neighborhood where cultures and eras meld together. Made famous by the hippie movement in the 1960's, Haight Ashbury was once the home to revolutionaries, famous singers (including the Grateful Dead and Janis Joplin) and cult leaders. |
| Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon was the 37th U.S. president and the only commander-in-chief to resign from his position, after the 1970s Watergate scandal. |
| James Earl Ray | James Earl Ray is infamous for assassinating civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. |
| Student Protestors | those students who marched against the war in Vietnam. |
| Yippies | an American radically youth-oriented and countercultural revolutionary offshoot of the free speech and anti-war movements of the 1960s. |
| NOW | purpose is to take action through intersectional grassroots activism to promote feminist ideals, lead societal change, eliminate discrimination, and achieve and protect the equal rights of all women and girls in all aspects of social, political, and economic life. |
| Silent Majority | term used by President Nixon to indicate his belief that the great body of Americans support his policies and that those who were against him were the noisy minority. |
