| A | B |
|---|
| emancipate | to set free |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who opposed the war, also called dissenting Northern Democrats |
| Gettysburg | one of two turning points for the Union; Meade defeated Lee during this 3-day battle; Lee's army was shattered and never invaded the North again |
| total war | all-out attacks aiimed at destroying an enemy's army, its resources, and its people's will to fight |
| Emancipation Proclamation | issued by President Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 - freed slaves in the areas fighting the Union |
| Clara Barton | became a nurse during the war; earned the nickname "Angel of the Battlefield" from both Union and Confederate patients |
| Vicksburg | one of two turning points for the Union; Grant captured one of the last cities on Mississippi River held by Confederates; Union gained control of Mississippi River |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Lee met with Grant to negotiate the terms of Lee's surrender after the fall of Richmond |
| 54th Massachusetts Infantry | famous all-African American unit; showed its determination to win the war in its attack on Fort Wagner |
| Joseph Hooker | Union general who was confident in victory before his army was crushed at Chancellorsville by a force half its size |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general remembered for his March to the Sea through Georgia; closely associated with waging toal war |
| over 600,000 | number of soldiers who lost their lives in the Civil War, making it the bloodiest conflict the U.S. has ever fought |
