| A | B |
| rift valley | large depression formed by shifting tectuonic plates |
| fault | a crack or break in Earth's crust |
| escarpment | steep cliff or slope of plateau |
| cataract | waterfalls |
| desertification | process in which arable land is turned into desert |
| delta | alluvial deposit at a river's mouth |
| estuary | where tide meets river current |
| leach | dissolve and carry away |
| savana | tropical grassland with few trees |
| harmattan | hot dry airstream from Saraha |