| A | B |
|---|
| passive transport | movement across the cell membrane; energy not required |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of a substance across a space |
| equilibrium | concentration of a substance is EQUAL throughout the space |
| diffusion | movement from high to low concentration |
| osmosis | duffusion of WATER from high to low concentration areas |
| hypotonic solution | fluid outside has a lower concentration of solutes than inside: cell swells |
| hypertonic solution | fluid outside has a high concentration of solutes: cell shrinks |
| isotonic solution | equal concentration in and out; cell stay the same |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier protein carries a substance across the membrane NO ENERGY |
| carrier proteins | provide channels for substance to pass |
| ion channel | doughnut shaped transport protein which IONS can pass |
| active transport | trancsport of a substance against concentration gradient NEEDS ENERGY |
| sodium-potassium pump | carrier proteins carries 3 sodium out and 2 potassium into the cell |
| endocytosis | movement of a substance to the inside of the cell within a vesicle |
| exocytosis | movement of a substance to the outside of a cell from inside a vesicle |
| pinocytosis | taking in a liquid and placing it into a vesicle |
| phagocytosis | taking in of a solid particle and placing into a vesicle (cell eating) |
