| A | B |
|---|
| Emancipate | To free |
| Civil War | War between people of the same country |
| Fort Sumter | The opening shots of the war are fired here. South Carolinians fire on the fort when Lincoln refuses to surrender it to the Confederacy. He also tries to resupply the fort. No one is killed, but the Union abandons the fort. |
| Synonyms/Names for Southerners | rebels, confederates, secessionists, secesh', Johnny Reb |
| Synonyms/Names for Northerners | Yankees, Union men, Blue Bellies, Billy Yank |
| Confederate States of America/Confederacy | Name the seceding southern states gave to the new country they were trying to form. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Battle fought in Pennsylvania. Fought over 3 days. It was the turning point of the war. After Gettysburgh, there is no question that the south is going to lose the war. (See Pickett's Charge) |
| Lincoln's Tough Decision | Whether to let the south go and admit they were a new country OR whether to fight a war to force them back. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam (Jan. 1863). Freed slave only in states rebelling against the Union. It also encouraged free African Americans to serve in the military. |
| Border States | States that allowed slavery, but didn't secede. Maryland, W. Virginia, Tennessee, etc. |
| Draft | Lincoln forced young men 18-30 to fight in the war starting in 1863. You could get out of it by getting a substitute or paying $300. |
| Battle of Bull Run (stream)/Manassas (town) | First battle of the Civil War. Washington civilians come out to picnic and watch. The North is defeated. Stonewall Jackson gets his nickname. Shows both sides it won't be a quick and easy war. |
| Battle of Antietam (stream)/Sharpsburg (town) | South attempts to invade Maryland. Bloodiest single day in American history. The North makes the south retreat, but loses more men. This is the victory Lincoln is waiting for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Town in Virginia where Grant and Lee meet to set the terms of surrender. Grant allows the Confederates to keep their horses and pistols. "The southerners are our countrymen again." -Grant |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union general. Admired by Lincoln for his relentless pursuit of the rebels and willingness to fight. Criticized by some for sacrificing too many soldiers. |
| Gettysburg | Considered the turning point of the war. Confederate troops stumble upon the Union while looking for supplies. 3 day battle fought in Pennsylvania. |
| Massachusetts 54th Regiment | One of the first African American units after the Emancipation Proclamation. Lost 50% of their men in the attack on Fort Wagner. Also know as the "Glory" brigade. Led by Robert Gould Shaw. |
| Robert E. Lee | Refused to fire a shot against his home state of Virginia. Most famous of Confederate generals. Led the army of Northern Virginia. Wins victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Blames himself for ordering Pickett's charge. Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox. |
| Stonewall Jackson | Famous Confederate general. Gets his nickname at Bull Run when another confederate general says, "There is Jackson, standing like a stone wall" during a Confederate retreat. He is mistakenly shot by his own men at Chancellorsville. He dies of pneumonia shortly thereafter. |
| George McClellan | Union general. Loved by his men for taking care of them and treating them well. Disliked by Lincoln for being too cautious and not fighting enough. Fired after Antietam for not putting his advantage to better use. "If you are not using the army, do you mind if I borrow it?"-Abe Lincoln |
| 600,000 | Approximate number of men killed during the Civil War. Most die of disease. |
| Ambrose Burnside | Union general. Replaces McClellan as head of the army of the Potomac after the Battle of Antietam. Criticized at Fredericksburg for making 6 charges at an unbeatable Confederat position atop a hill and behind a stone wall. SIDEBURNS!!!! |
| Total War | The idea that war could be waged on civilians and private property. The idea was to break your enemy's morale/spirit/will to fight. |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general using total war. Marched from Atlanta to Savanah destroying much of what was in his path. He wanted to "make war so terrible, that the south would never want to resort to it again." Burned cities, houses, farms. Destroyed crops. Heated up rails and bent them into "neckties". |
| Monitor | Union Ironclad ship that battles the Merrimac. Called a "floating cheesebox on a raft". First ship with a revolving gun turret. |
| Merrimack | Confederate ironclad ship that battles the Monitor. It was a former Union ship fitted with iron plates. The Confederates rename it the Virginia. It sinks three blockading ships before facing off agianst the Monitor. |
| Hampton Roads | The Merrimac and Monitor battle in the waters off of this town in Virginia. It is the first time that ironclad ships face each other in battle. Both ships fire cannons at each other. The shells literally bounce off, doing little damage. |
| Hardtack | Government issued cracker. Were often hard, stale and insect infested. Some soldiers called them "sheet iron crackers". |
| 4 Union Strategies for Winning the War | Capture Richmond (Confederate Capitol), Control the Mississippi River, Cut the Confederate Supply Line, Blockade the south. |
| Blockade | When a navy controls the cost of another country preventing trade and resupply. |
| Confederate Strategies for Winning the War. | Defend the South. Break the Blockade |
| Advantages of the North | More Factories. Larger Population. More Banks. More States. More Miles of Railroad. The entire Navy. More acres of farmland. |
| Advantages of the South | The best West Point generals. Fighting to defend homes and way of life. Home field advantage (They know the terrain). Some say they were better riflemen and horsemen too. |
| Draft | All men 18-32 for registered to fight as of Jan. 1, 1863. You could avoid mandatory military service by finding a substitute or paying $300. |
| Pickett's Charge | Third Day of the Battle of Gettysburg. Robert E. Lee orders Gen. Pickett to attack the center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge. Pickett's 15,000 men must march over 1 mile of open ground under fire. They lose more than 1/2 of their number and never take Cemetery Ridge. |
| Vicksburg | Confederate town along the Mississippi taken by Grant. After this victory, the Union controls the entire Mississippi River. |
| Regiment | Group of 1000 soldiers organized in a particular state. Ex. 1st Minnesota Volunteers, Massachusetts 54th |
| Fort Wagner | Fort in NC that Robert Gould Shaw volunteers to attack first. The Massachusett's 54th loses half of their men in this attack. The fort is never taken. |
| (T or F) The Civil War was fought to free the slaves. | FALSE. It was fought to bring the south back into the Union. |
| (T or F) More Civil War soldiers died of disease than from their wounds. | TRUE |
