| A | B |
|---|
| Diaphysis | Shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | End of a long bone |
| Epiphyseal plate | Area where all lengthwise growth of a long bone occurs |
| Metaphysis | Area of a long bone between diaphysis & epiphysis |
| Periosteum | Membrane that covers the outside of a bone |
| Articular cartilage | Covers end on long bones where they come together to form a joint |
| Endosteum | Lines the marrow cavity of a long bone |
| Yellow bone marrow | Fills the marrow (medullary) cavity of the diaphysis |
| Marrow (medullary) cavity | Hollow center area of diaphysis |
| Red bone marrow | Fills marrow cavities of spongy bone |
| Red bone marrow | Blood cell forming tissue |
| Collagen fibers | Organic portion of bone matrix |
| Hydroxyapatite or tricalcium phosphate | Major mineral salt of bone matrix |
| Osteogenic cell | Bone cell that develops directly from mesenchyme |
| Osteoblast | Cell that builds all bone matrix |
| Osteocyte | Mature bone cell |
| Osteocyte | Cell that maintains bone matrix |
| Osteoclast | Bone breakdown cell |
| Osteoclast | Bone cell that develops from monocytes |
| Compact bone | Strongest type of bone |
| Compact bone | Bone type with minimum spaces and maximum amount of matrix |
| Compact bone | Type of bone found on the outside of all the body's bones |
| Compact bone | Type of bone that forms the entire diaphysis of long bones |
| Compact bone | Type of bone that is organized into osteons |
| Concentric lamellae | Rings of calcified bone matrix found in the osteon |
| Canaliculi | Tiny tunnels through bone that connect lacunae with the central canal and with each other |
| Lacunae | Spaces in bone matrix in which osteocytes live |
| Interstitial lamellae | Fill the spaces between osteons |
| Spongy bone | Type of bone that is less strong |
| Spongy bone | Type of bone that is lighter in weight |
| Spongy bone | Type of bone that makes up the inside part of most bones |
| Intramembranous ossification | Process that forms bone tissue from those parts of the embryonic skeleton represented by fibrous CT membranes |
| Mandible, clavicle, flat skull bones | Name the bones formed by intramembranous ossification |
| Perichondrium | Membrane found on the outside of cartilage |
| Endochondral ossification | Process that forms most of the bones of the body |
| Endochondral ossification | Process that changes a hyaline cartilage model to bone |
| Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate | Two places on a long bone where the hyaline cartilage of the model persists |
| Spongy bone | Type of bone always formed first |
| Zone of resting cartilage | Zone of epiphyseal plate nearest to the epiphysis of the bone |
| Zone of proliferating cartilage | Zone of epiphyseal plate where young chondrocytes divide |
| Zone of hypertrophic cartilage | Zone of epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes mature and enlarge |
| Zone of calcified cartilage | Zone where epiphyseal plate cartilage is turned to bone |
| Appositional growth | Type of growth that increases the diameter of bones |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin that contributes to bone strength by allowing calcium absorption from the digestive tract |
| hGH | Hormone that causes cells to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) |
| hGH | Hormone associated with normal lengthwise growth of bones and growth of other tissues |
| Sex hormones (estrogens/testosterone) | Responsible for spurts of growth at puberty |
| Fracture hematoma | Blood clot at fracture site |
| Procallus | Next step in fracture repair following fracture hematoma |
| Fibrocartilage (soft) callus | Forms in the granulation tissue of a healing fracture |
| Procallus | Granulation tissue in the site of a fracture |
| Bony (hard) callus | Spongy bone that forms in the area of a healing fracture |
| Remodeling of callus | Last & longest stage in fracture repair |
| Parathyroid hormone | Hormone secreted when blood calcium level drops |
| Parathyroid hormone | Hormone that increases the activity of osteoclasts |
| Calcitonin | Hormone secreted when blood calcium rises |
| Calcitonin | Hormone that increases the activity of osteoblasts |
| Thyroid | Endocrine gland that secretes calcitonin |
