| A | B |
|---|
| chromatin | fine filamentous DNA material complexed with proteins; makes chromosomes |
| 46 chromosomes | 2 sex chromosomes; 22 pairs of autosomes |
| males | x and y chomosomes |
| females | x and x chromosomes |
| DNA Molecular shape is | double helix; with 2 sidepiece and steplike connections |
| DNA sidepiece | backbone composed of phsophate groups alternating with deoxyribose (sugar) |
| Steplike connections | pairs of nitrogen bases |
| DNA nucleotide is composed of | 1 phosphate group, 1 deoxyribose and 1 nitrogenous base |
| DNA is a polymer of | nucleotides |
| 4 nitrogenous base in DNA | Adenine (A); Thymine (T); Cytosine (C); Uracil (U) |
| Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) | 2 hydrogen bonds |
| Cytosine (C) and Uricil (U) | 3 hydrogen bonds |
| law of complementary base pairing | one strands determines base sequence of the second strand |
| Adenosine (A) pairs with | Thymine (T) |
| Cytosine (C) pairs with | Guanine (G) |
| In RNA thymine (T) is replaced with | Uracil (U) |
| RNA | single stranded; protein synthesis by taking message out of DNA to cytoplasm, and connecting amino acids |
| 3 types of RNA | Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, trnasfer RNA |
| Cell cycle | cycle extends from on division to the next |
| 2 stages of cell cycle | interphase and mitotic phase |
| interphase | 3 phases; G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase |
| G1 phaase | Occurs between cell division and DNA replication; accumulates material needed to replicate DNA |
| S phase | synthesis phase, duplicate centrioles and DNA replication |
| G2 phase | Growth and preparation for mitosis |
| Mitotic phase | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase |
| Prophase | Nuclear membrane disappears; chromosome form |
| Metaphase | chromosomes align at equator; spindle fibers from poles of cell |
| Anaphase | chromosomes split and go towards the poles of cell |
| Telephase | cytoplasm starts to divide |
| Cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells |
| mitosis | 1 parent cell with 46 chromosomes divides into 2 daughter cells each with 46 chromosomes |
| damaged cells are | replaced by process of mitosis. |
