| A | B |
|---|
| mass movement | caused by gravity |
| clay and silt eroded and deposited by the wind | loess |
| rift valley forms at the place in which two plates | diverge |
| stream or river that runs into another stream or river | tributary |
| decayed organic material in soil | humus |
| deep scratches in the bedrock caused by glaciers | abrasions |
| largest soil particle | gravel |
| Ice wedging | repeated freezing and thawing of water |
| Volcanic belts form along | plate boundaries |
| sediment is laid down in a new location | deposition |
| ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano’s ve | cinder cone volcano |
| growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in | mechanical weathering |
| natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another | erosion |
| Magma flows upward through cracks in rock because | it is less dense |
| Soil formation begins | weathering of rock |
| energy that produces ocean waves | wind |
| topsoil | horizon A |
| main hazard from a quiet volcanic eruption | lava flow |
| Living organisms in soil help | break down organisms into smaller parts |
| force that causes magma to erupt | dissolved gasses |
| mixing humus within the soil | job of an earthworm |
| magma | lava beneath the surface |
| deltas | built ar river mouth by deposition |
| wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range | alluvial fan |
| technology scientists used in the mid-1900’s to map the mid-ocean ridge | sonar |
| Hawaiin Islands formed on | hot spots |
| sediment deposited first as a river slows | gravel or large pebbles |
| ancient organism preserved in rock | fossil |
| weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change | chemical weathering |
| rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in co | oxidation |
| glaciers | more snow, not enough melting |
| Pangaea | supercontinent 1 million years ago |
| bedrock | solid rock beneath soil |
| mid ocean ridge | large chain of underwater mountains |
| active volcano | erupts regularly |
| dormant volcano | erupts only occaisionally |
| extinct volcano | has not erupted in modern history |
| carbonation | carbon dioxide combines with water to form and acid |
| most common type of erosion | running water |
| produces tills and moraines | glacier |
| gravity | causes landslides, creeps and slumps |
| waves | cause spits, sea cliffs and sea stacks |
| wind | causes sand dunes and loess |
| foliation | layers in metamorphic rock |
| extrusive | igneous rocks form on earth's surface |
| metamorphic | rocks formed from heat and pressure |
| sedimentary | rocks formed as layers are cemented together by pressure |
| source of heat in the formation of metamorphic rocks | earth's mantle |
| priority when conducting science lab | observe safety rules |
| unit of measure for dissolved oxygen in stream | parts per million |
| measure of acidity | percent hydrogen ions |
| pH | unit of measure of acids and bases |
| unit of measure for temperature | degrees Celsius |
