| A | B |
|---|
| ______ is the fundamental principle of biology and the core theme of the AP textbook. | Evolution p.2 |
| Biology is the study of _____. | life p.2 |
| New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | Emergent properties p.3 and G9 |
| ________ is a branch of biology that investigates and models (usually mathematically) the complex interactions between components in a biological system.ns | Systems biology p.3 (For instance, modelling how earth's atmosphere interacts with Earth's biosphere and lithosphere, and how each effects the other, would be an example of a systems biology approach to studying the environment) |
| There is usually a close relationship between a biological structure (such as the beak of a bird) and its ______. | function p.3 |
| The basic unit of structure and function in biology is the _____. | cell p.3 |
| ______ cells are only found in two groups of organisms, bacteria and archaea, and these types of cells lack a _____ and other _______ organelles. | Prokaryotic, nucleus, membrane-bound p. 4 |
| _____ cells are the type of cells that are found in most living organisms on this planet and are characterized by having _______ organelles. | Eukaryotic, membrane-bound p. 4 |
| The ______ consists of all life on Earth and all the places where life exists. | biosphere p.4 |
| A(n) ______ consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components with which they interact. | ecosystem p.4 |
| All of the living things that interact in a certain area make up a(n) ______. | community p.4 |
| A(n) ____ consists of all the members of a single species that live and interact in a certain area. | population p.4 |
| Individual living things are called _____. | organisms p.4 |
| A(n) ____ is a body part made up of multiple tissues and has a specific function within the body. | organ p.5 |
| A(n) ___ is a group of cells that work together , performing a specialized function. | tissue p.5 |
| A(n) ____ is a specific functional component found within a cell. | organelle p.5 |
| A(n) _____ is something that consists of two or more atoms bonded together with covalent bonds. | molecule p.5 |
| Eukaryotic cells are much ____ than prokaryotic cells. | larger p.5 |
| Within cells, structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of ____. | DNA p.6 |
| The molecule of DNA in a chromosome can be divided into hundreds (or even thousands) of sections called ____, each of which encode the information necessary to build a specific molecule within the cell. | genes p.6 |
| A(n) _____ is an organism that uses energy, usually in the form of sunlight, to build food molecules that store energy for later use. | producer p.8 |
| A(n) _____ is an organism that obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms or their remains. | consumer p.8 |
| By burning fossil fuels, humans have increased the levels of _____ in the atmosphere, which is a molecule that traps heat and has lead to global warming. | carbon dioxide p.8 |
| ____ is a process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time. | Evolution p.9 |
| The mechanism that Darwin proposed to explain what causes evolution is ______. | natural selection p.12 |
| Scientists use a process of inquiry that includes making observations, then forming logical explanations for their observations called ________ that they then test. | hypotheses p.13 |
| Biology, like other sciences, begins with ______. | making observations p.13 |
| Recorded observations are called ____. | data p.14 |
| To be considered a "controlled" experiment, only ___ variable is tested at a time | one p.16 (That one variable is considered to be the independent variable. It is the only thing that is different between the experimental and control groups.) |
| The variable that is tested by scientists in an experiment is called the _____ variable. | independent p.16 |
| The variables that are measured in an experiment are called _____ variables. | dependent p.16 (They are called dependent variables because they are dependent on how the scientist manipulates the variable being tested, which is called the independent variable) |
| Unlike a hypothesis, a scientific ______ has already been well-tested and has a large body of observations supporting it. | theory p.17 |
