| A | B |
|---|
| ethics | specific rules we use to determine the right and wrong things to do in our lives |
| situational ethics | also known as moral relativism |
| cookie | controversial technology that allows organizations to gather personal data without the permission or knowledge of consumers |
| Global Unique Identifier (GUIDs) | tracking technology with the potential for misuse consisting of identification numbers that can be coded into both hardware and software |
| privacy statements | used by many commercial Web sites seeking to ease consumer privacy concerns |
| Carnivore | an Internet wiretap program developed by the FBI to develop its capability to monitor e-mail messages |
| plagiarism | using others' ideas and creations (thier intellectual property) without permission |
| cracker | unauthorized person who deliberately breaks into a computer system or network to inflict harm or damage |
| copyright | may be granted to authors and artists to encourage and protect their artistic and literary endeavors |
| Secure Sockets Layer | most common protocol used for secure servers |
| applied ethics | branch of ethics that involves determining how normative ethics should be used in controversial real-life situations |
| firewalls | used by networked systems to avoid viruses and to prevent unauthorized or unknown material from getting into the system |
| Child Pornographic Prevention Act | most recent federal law passed in 1996 that enacts harsh penalties for those distributing or possessing child pornography |
| filtering software | one way parents and guardians can protect themselves and their dependents from pornographic or hate speech Web sites |
| Digital Divide | gap between those people who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not |
| Online Privacy Alliance (OPA) | an organization, representing a coalition of more than 80 computer companies, whose mission is to promote online privacy |
| pornography | material containing sexually explicit images or script deemed unacceptable or harmful by society |
| Internet | began as a Defense Department research project |
| United States Consitution | guarantess freedom of speech |
| $85 billion | the amount in terms of lost productivity in 1998 bad software cost the United States |
| sticky keys | example of a feature designed into computer hardware to aid disabled users |
| hackers | individuals or groups who enter a computer system for the challenge, but sometimes inadvertently cause damage |
| consumer profiles | once entered on the Internet personal information can be used to create this |
| Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 19989 | an act aimed at protecting children under the age of 13 from privacy violations |
| crackers | individuals or groups who enter a computer system with the intent of causing damage |
| patent | granted by the U.S. government to encourage innovation and improvement; gives ownership of an idea or innovation to its creator for a fixed number of years |
| World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with intellectual property rights |
| hate speech | a type of speech that is illegal when transmitted over the Internt |
| 88% | industrialized countries which make up only 15% of the world's population contain this percent of all Internet users |
| 1% | approximate percentage of the world's population that has Internet access |
| industrial property | along with copyright another category of intellectual property |
| more than 80% | percentage of companies who routinely snoope on their employees by checking their e-mail, Internet, and telephone use |
| wireless communications devices | a category of devices on which communications are extremely vulnerable to interception by others, partly because they transmit data into the air where anyone can intercept it |
| Fair Electronic Monitoring Policy | proposed by ACLU to prevent abuses of employee privacy |
| Uniform Commercial Code | protects a consumer's right to return poorly designed software to the vendor |
| fair use | right to use another person's material without permission as long as this use is acknowledged, is for noncommercial purposes, and involves only limited excerpts of protected material |
| Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) | law that reflects new digital age realities as applied to copyright law |
| Napster | controversial program created to allow users to share MP3 files |
| personal digital assistants (PDAs) | carried by medical personnel to store sensitive patient medical information |
