| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Jefferson | Strong believer in strict construction, weak government, and antimilitarism who was forced to modify some of his principles in office. |
| Albert Gallatin | Swiss born treasury secretary who disliked national debt but kept most Hamiltonian economic measures in effect. |
| John Marshall | Federalist Supreme Court justice whose brillian legal efforts established the principle of judicial review. |
| Marbury v. Madison | Also known as the case of the Midnight Judges it established the principle of Judicial Review. |
| Samuel Chase | Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate. |
| Pasha of Tripoli | North African leader who fought and undeclared war with the United States from 1801 to 1805. |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | He acquired Louisiana from Spain only to sell it to the United States. |
| Robert Livingston | American minister to Paris who joined James Monroe in making a magnificent real estate deal. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | Revolutionary who led the slave uprising which led Napoleon to sell Louisiana. |
| Lewis & Clark | Explorers who crossed the Louisiana Territory and went on to the Oregon and Pacific Coast. |
| Aaron Burr | Former vice-president, killer of Alexander Hamilton, and plotter of mysterious seceessionist schemes. |
| Chesapeake Affair | British attack on American sailors that aroused angry demands for war. |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | Restrictive trade policy that hurt Britain but hurt American shippers and farmers even more. |
| Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who organized a major native-American confederation against U.S. expansion. |
| Henry Clay | Leader of the Congressional "Warhawks" who pushed for the War of 1812. |
