| A | B |
|---|
| Jefferson's moderation and continuation of many Federalist policies. | Created stability and contnuity in the transition of power from one part to another |
| Adams's appointment of "midnight judges" | Aroused Jeffersonian hostility to the Federalist judiciary and led to repeal of the Jdiciary Act of 1801 |
| Marshall's ruling Marbury v. Madison | Estabished the principle of "judicial review" of laws by the Supreme Court |
| The Barbary pirates' attacks on American shipping | Forced a reluctant Jefferson to send the U.S. navy into military action |
| France's acquisition of Louisiana from Spain | Made Americans eager to purchase New Orleans in order to protect their Mississippi River shipping |
| Napoleon's foreign troubles with Britain and Santo Domingo | Led to a surprise offer to sell Louisiana to the United States for $15 million |
| The Louisiana Purchase | Provoked Federaists to charge Jefferson with unconstituional expansionism |
| British impressment of American sailors and anger at American harboring of British deserters | Led to an aggressive and deadly assault on the American ship Chesapeake |
| French compliance with Macon's Bill No. 2 | Forced Madison to declare a policy of noniportation that accelerated the drift toward war |
| Western warhawks' fervor for acquiting Canada and removing resisting Indians | Caused Harrison's and Jackson's miitary ventrues and contributed to the declaration of war in 1812 |
