| A | B |
|---|
| Exodusters | poor Southern blacks led by Pap Singleton who migrated West in 1879 |
| Homestead Steel Strike | union workers struck against Andrew Carnegie's plant in Pennsylvania |
| conflict of interest | mixing personal occupations with public responsibilities |
| Andrew Carnegie | founder of U. S. Steel |
| bison and horses | things the Plains Indians depended on |
| three demands of strikers | higher wages, shorter work hours, better conditions |
| standard railroad guage | 4' 8.5" |
| horizontal integration | expanding in one area of production for profit |
| dynamo principle | principle behind the electric generator |
| Salary Grab Act | 1873 legislators increased salaries by 50% effective 2 years earlier |
| Century of Dishonor | Helen Hunt Jackson's record of the failures of government toward Native Americans |
| problems immigrants faced in big cities | crime, disease, fire |
| advertising | came of age because supply of goods exceeded demand |
| gold standard | maded every paper dollar worth a specific amount of gold |
| Gilded Age | inequality and corruption covered by vast amounts of wealth |
| conservation | preserve and wisely use nation's natural resources |
| art, architecture and literature of Gilded Age | reflected the changes of the nation |
| Turner thesis | the frontier had distinguished the U. S. from Europe |
| Sand Creek Massacre | John Chivington & 1000 troops massacred 450 Indians under white flag |
| money formula | the more a candidate spends the more likely he is to get elected |
| nativists | those native-born Americans who were hostile to immigrants |
| pool | an agreement among several firms to control their output and divide up market |
| Wounded Knee Massacre | Sioux in midst of Ghost Dance are massacred by spooked soldiers with machine guns |
| William Tweed | political boss of Tammany Hall machine |
| bonanza farms | large farms financed by outside capital |
| Morrill Land Act 1862 | gave each state federal land to be used to set up a public institution of higher learning |
| Gospel of Wealth | the wealthy have a duty to help others |
| Samuel F. B. Morse | designed the telegraph |
| sod | material frontiersmen used to build homes |
| Dr. Carlos Finlay | discovered mosquitoes carry malaria |
| Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 | established a commission whose goal was to make certain railroads charged reasonable rates |
| depression | time of high unemployment, low consumer spending and many business failures |
| gold was discovered in Alaska's Klondike in 1896 | reason Free Silver issue was solved |
| John D. Rockefeller | founded Standard Oil |
| collective bargaining | direct talks between organized workers and their employers |
| Promontory, Utah | Golden Spike driven here completed the 1st American transcontinental railway |
| dime novels | where we get most of our false ideas about the West |
| anarchists | believe there should be no government |
| limited liability | if a corporation goes into debt, the stockholder loses only what he invested in the corporation |
| Granville T. Woods | invented a telegraph system for moving trains to avoid collisions |
| assimilation | absorbing Native Americans into the white culture |
| quartz mining | process involving blasting rock from a mountainside, then crushing it to separate the gold |
| Bessemer process | technique which produced stronger, cheaper steel |
| Civil Service Act 1883 | set up commission for examinations for 10% of govt jobs, as a result of Garfield assassination |
| economies of scale | the more units you produce, the less it costs to produce them |
| Johntown Flood | symbol of what was wrong with America in the Gilded Age |
| Homestead act of 1862 | offered 160 acres free land if head of family was over 21 and improved land for 5 years |
| trust | group of companies whose stock was controlled by a central board of directors |
| Social Darwinism | Herbert Spencer's philosophy that the rich are richer because they deserve to be through survival of the fittest |
| conspicuous consumption | competition among wealthy to see who could live in the grandest style |
| How the Other Half Lives | Jacob Riis's book about deplorable conditions in dumbbell tenements |
| Railroad Standard Time | coordinated movements of trains |
| log drive | logs floated downstream to a sawmill |
| corporation | business created by state government for people who sell shares of stock to raise capital |
| placer mining | mining deposits from a stream bed |
| Dawes Act | aimed to speed up Americanization of Indians |
| vertical integration | combining steps involved in turning raw material into a finished product |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | made certain monopolies illegal |
| laissez faire | business runs most efficiently if government keeps out |
| yellow journalism | exaggerates and exploits news in order to attract readers |
| education in 1880s | extended to blacks, women, business schools |
| concentration | tribes would allow settlers free passage and confine hunting to specific areas |
| Alexander G. Bell | invented the telephone |
| oil | better lubricant, source of energy |
| Thomas Alva Edison | patented 1093 items during his lifetime, a record |
| National Banking Act of 1863 | created a much more stable banking system |
| dividends | portions of profit from sell of ceritificates of ownership |
| Cincinnati Red Stockings | first professional baseball team |
| American Federation of Labor | first permanant labor union |
| dry farming | designed to gain most value from every inch of rainfall |
| Williams McKinley | Republican who won 1896 Presidential election |
| Hull House | Jane Addam's settlement house that provided various services for the poor |
| Battle of Little Big Horn | George Custer and 265 soldiers were killed by Chief Sitting Bull and the Sioux |
