| A | B |
|---|
| solid | a form of matter that has a a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | a form of matter that flows |
| gas | a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume |
| vapor | describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
| kinetic energy | the energy an object has because of its motion |
| kinetic theory | a theory explaining the states of matter |
| gas pressure | results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object; due to collisions of gas particles with the object |
| atmospheric pressure | the pressure exerted by atoms and molecules in the atmosphere surrounding Earth |
| vaporization | the conversion of a liquid to a gas or a vapor |
| evaporation | vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling |
| boiling point | the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius |
| sublimation | the process in which a solid changes to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state |
| phase diagram | a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid |
| triple point | the point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another |
| compressibility | a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure |
| Boyle's Law | for a given mass of gas at constant temperature |
| Charles's Law | the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant |
| Gay-Lussac's Law | the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume is constant |
| Specific Heat | the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
| Exothermic | a process that releases heat to its surroundings |
| Endothermic | a process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
| Heat | energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects |
| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter; temperature determines the direction of heat transfer |
| Ideal Gas Law | the relationship PV=nRT |
