| A | B |
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| Describe what you know about Joshua Chamberlain’s life and military career | Colonel, commander of the 20th Maine regiment, ordered bayonet charge & saved Union lines at Little Roiund Top, congressional medal of honor, pres. of Bowdoin College, Gov. of Maine |
| Describe Lee’s plan for bombarding the center of the Union line on the 3rd day at Gettysburg | Bombard the center of the Union line with 140 cannon, send in Pickett's infantry to the center of the fishhook |
| Describe the battle and mistakes made by George A. Custer at the Little Bighorn | Underestimated his opponent, split army in thirds, 7th cavalry wiped out by Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse |
| Describe the Dawes Act. Did it fail or succeed? Why? | divided Indian land into allotments, sold remaining land to settlers, failed because it tried to turn Indians into farmers & adding settlers was a bad mixture |
| Discuss the pros and cons of laissez-faire | Pros: gave businesses freedom to succeed, encouraged competition Cons: monopolies, price gauging, drove off small businesses |
| Name 3 resources that helped the railroad grow | iron ore, coal, limestone, timber |
| Why do you think business owners wanted to vertically integrate their companies | control all aspects of their business, keep their supply costs low |
| Compare/contrast the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor | Compare: both were large labor unions; Contrast: Knights: industrial union, opposed strikes in favor of boycotts & arbitration AFL: trade unions, concentrated on labor issues, pushed for closed shops |
| describe the Haymarket riot | Chicago police fired on unarmed demonstrators, next day demonstrators & police clashed, bomb was thrown, police open fired, wounded 170, 10 police killed, union critics cited violence & radicalism against unions |
| What led to urbanization in Florida? | Hamilton Disston bought 4 mill. acres, drained everglades to create land to build on, land boom encouraged urbanization around St. Petersburg |
| Describe Red Cloud’s War, include starting and ending points | settlers & soldiers encroaching on Indian land to forts along Bozeman trail to mine gold, Fetterman Massacre, ended with the army abandoning all forts along the trail |
| T/F As industrialism brought more machines into the workplace, jobs became more complex and required more skills. | False: automation made jobs easier |
| T/F In the late 1800s, large trade unions generally failed, but industrial unions prospered | Trade unions flourished because of specialization, ind. unions were ineffective |
| T/F Some labor supporters were anarchists, who believed that society did not need government | True |
| T/F In Boston, New York & Chicago, elevated railways & subways were developed to transport people away from cities. | False. Developed to clear congestion from city streets |
| T/F The rising value of land encouraged the building of tall, steel framed buildings. | True |
| Last commander of Army of the Potomac and victor at Gettysburg was General | George Meade |
| Lincoln’s speech dedicating the battlefield as a national cemetery is called the | Gettysburg Address |
| 9 March, 1864 Lincoln appoints ____________ as commander of all US forces | Ulysses S. Grant |
| 3 June, 1864 a costly mistake by Grant results in 7,000 Union casualties in 20 minutes at | Cold Harbor |
| Grant kept Lee occupied in Va. while _______________ marched toward Georgia | William Tecumseh Sherman |
| 29 Oct., 1864, Democrats nominate _____________ to run against Lincoln | George B. McClellan |
| 2 Sep, 1864 Sherman’s army captures _________________ | Atlanta |
| Sherman’s army marched through Georgia pillaging and burning even civilian targets. This is warfare known as _______________ and set the tone for some modern wars. | total war |
| 22 Dec, 1864 Sherman took the city of _________ and gave it to Lincoln as a Christmas gift | Savannah |
| After Georgia, Sherman turned his sights to capturing this city in South Carolina | Columbia |
| 31 Jan, 1865, Congress approves the ____ Amendment to abolish slavery. It would be ratified later | 13th |
| The last offensive for Lee’s army occurred at _____________________. | Petersburg |
| 9 Apr 1865, Lee surrenders to Grant at | Appomattox Court House |
| 14 Apr 1865, Lincoln is shot at Ford’s Theatre by | John Wilkes Booth |
| The Missouri Compromise of 1820 said that Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state and __________ would be admitted as a free state. | Maine |
| The idea that voters in new territories could determine whether to be free or slave states was | popular sovereignty |
| A southern port that was blockaded by the Union during the war was | Savannah, Mobile, Charleston, New Orleans, Wilmington, Galveston, Biloxi |
| Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe that stirred up anti-slavery feelings | Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Abolitionist who raided the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry | John Brown |
| President of the Confederacy | Jefferson Davis |
| Senator from Kentucky who offered the Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay |
| _______________ made wooden ships obsolete | ironclads |
| Shiloh was an important battle because the city of _____ was the CSA’s most important western Railroad junction. | Corinth |
| The Union victory at Shiloh gave them control of the _________ River | Tennessee |
| This General’s aggressive move through the Shenandoah allowed Johnston to hold off McClellan’s forces from Richmond in the Peninsula Campaign | Stonewall Jackson |
| 24 Apr 1862, this flag officer wins an important naval victory for the Union, taking New Orleans | David Farragut |
| Lee’s orders that were found rolled up around cigars were called | Special Orders 191 |
| At _______, McClellan missed an opportunity to pursue and finish off Lee | South Mountain |
| The battle of Antietam took place near the town of _______________, MD | Sharpsburg |
| Name for the sunken road at Antietam where so many soldiers died | Bloody Lane |
| The 1st African-American regiment was the | 54th Massachusetts |
| Its commander was (54th Mass.) | Robert Gould Shaw |
| They lost nearly half their regiment during their attack on Fort ___________ in South Carolina | Wagner |
| Sergeant William H. _______ saved the regiment’s flag & was 1st African American awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. | William Carney |
| Fredericksburg was an important battle because it sits directly between Washington DC and Richmond on the _____________________ River. | Rappahannock |
| Fredericksburg was a huge victory for the | CSA |
| On 29 Jan 1863 ______________________ was made commander of The Army of the West | Grant |
| Killed by his own troops accidentally at Chancellorsville | Stonewall Jackson |
| Massively outnumbered CSA under Lee defeated US troops under ________ at Chancellorsville | Joseph Hooker |
| The heroics of the 20th Maine kept the CSA from taking the high ground known as ____ at Gettysburg | Little Round Top |
| On 3 July, the CSA’s attempt to breach the Union lines with an ill-fated offensive was known as | Pickett's Charge |
| At Gettysburg, Gen. Longstreet caused Sickles’ entire line to collapse in heavy fighting at | the peach orchard |
| Vicksburg was strategically important because it sat on bluffs overlooking the _________ River | Mississippi |
| Grant used ___________ tactics to take Vicksburg | siege |
| Gettysburg was a victory by the Army of the Potomac commanded by | Meade |
| The bloodiest single day of the war took place at the Battle of | Antietam |
| The bloodiest battle of the war was | Gettysburg |
| Although tactically a draw, this battle is looked at as a Union victory because Lee had to retreat out of Maryland back to Virginia. | Antietam |
| To change your lifestyle so as to fit into a society is to | assimilate |
| Leader of the Nez Perce | Chief Joseph |
| A ritual among the Lakota that was thought to bring back the buffalo and dead ancestors | Ghost Dance |
| A regular, yearly payment is known as a(n) | annuity |
| Divisions in reservation land for farming were | allotments |
| This book by Helen Hunt Jackson detailed the injustices done to Native Americans | A Century of Dishonor |
| The Dawes Act attempted to | get Indians to become farmers by giving them plots of land |
| Chief and medicine man of the Lakota who was killed while being arrested in 1890. | Sitting Bull |
| Massacre in 1890 where Lakota children, women & elderly were killed & left to freeze | Wounded Knee |
| George A. Custer was commander of which unit | 7th Cavalry |
| Custer and his army were sent west to | protect miners in the Black Hills |
| Custer was defeated at Little Bighorn by | Crazy Horse & Sitting Bull |
| The Dakota Uprising in Minnesota happened due to | govt subsidies not arriving, merchants not extending credit, starvation |
| The US Army was building forts along this trail, the path to the Montana gold fields. | Bozeman Trail |
| This led to William Fetterman pursuing & being wiped out by Lakota under the command of | Crazy Horse |
| The Cheyenne were brought to Fort Lyon, CO to negotiate peace & were camped near | Sand Creek |
| They (Cheyenne)were led by chief | Black Kettle |
| The Cheyenne, many women and children were wiped out by Colonel | Chivington |
| 1934, this act reversed the Dawes Act & gave back some Indian land & allowed them to elect governments | Indian Reorganization Act |
| This area was Indian land and sacred to the Lakota & they were angered when white miners & settlers moved there. | The Black Hills |
| Gross National Product is | total of goods & services produced in a country in a year |
| invented the telephone in 1876 | Alexander Graham Bell |
| invented the phonograph and the light bulb | Thomas Edison |
| invented an air brake system for railroads and an AC current distribution process | George Westinghouse |
| People who risk their capital by investing it in new business are | entrepreneurs |
| laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1866 | Cyrus Field |
| invented the ice machine, the basis for refrigeration | Thaddeus Lowe |
| In 1882, the Edison Company started supplying electricity to | New York |
| In the late 1800s, many rural Americans moved to big cities in search of | better paying jobs |
| Most urban working class families lived in multifamily apartment buildings called | tenements |
| Fraud or gaining money or power illegally is known as | graft |
| America’s industrialization created a growing | middle class |
| Who rose to be head of New York’s most powerful political machine? | William 'Boss' Tweed |
| Large, steel-framed buildings called __________________ appeared in cities | skyscrapers |
| The country’s first electric trolley line opened in 1888 in | Richmond, VA |
| A ___________ was a technique for breaking a union through which the company refused to allow workers onto their property. | lockout |
| When a union called a strike, employers would often hire replacements called | strikebreakers |
| Employers generally viewed unions as | interfering with property rights |
| The Knights of Labor suffered a steady decline in membership & influence due to lost strikes and | the Haymarket Riot |
| A rise in the value of money is | deflation |
| A 3rd party helps workers & employers reach an agreement | arbitration |
| A formal order from a court | injunction |
| Very successful union organizer and great public speaker who Rockefeller called the most dangerous woman in America | Mother Jones |
| Leader of the Knights of Labor | Terence Powderly |
| Leader of the American Federation of Labor | Samuel Gompers |
| Said capitalist society was a struggle between workers and owners | Karl Marx |
| The International Workers of the World were also known as | wobblies |
| Which was more likely to result in a monopoly? | horizontal integration |
| Total control of an industry by one person or company is a | monopoly |
| A legal arrangement where one person manages another person’s property | trust |
| A company that doesn’t produce anything but owns stock in companies that do is a | holding companies |
| _______________ ___________ buy stock in companies at a discount then sell the stock for profit | investment bankers |
| The most successful investment banker who bought Carnegie Steel | JP Morgan |
| Owner of Standard Oil who pushed for horizontal integration | John D Rockefeller |
| A way for people to buy part of a company was known as buying ___, or shares of ownership in that company. | stock |
| Scottish immigrant who became a leader in the steel industry | Andrew Carnegie |
