| A | B |
|---|
| bright red color | vasodilation |
| swelling | blood vessel permeability |
| light bleeding on probing | collagen loss around blood vessels |
| ging. crevicular fluid flow | exudate leaks through epithelium |
| soft, spongy consistency | permable blood vessels, CT loss |
| blue color | vasostagnation |
| moderate-severe bleeding | thin, ulcerated epithelium |
| firm, leathery consistency | increased cell division in epithelium & CT |
| white color | increased cell division in epithelium & CT |
| enlargement | increased cell division in epithelium &/or CT/ or exudate leaves permeable blood vessels |
| smooth, shiny surface | loss of CT & stretching of epithelium due to exudate in tissues |
| bulbous tissue | increased division epithelium &/or CT/ or exudate leaves permeable blood vessels |
| gingival recession | Je detaches & moves apical to CEJ & crest of marginal gingiva is apical to CEJ |
| alveolar bone loss | osteoclasts destroy bone |
| cytokines released by injured cells | histamine, IL-1, PGE-2, TNF-alpha, collagenase |
| MMPs | matrix metalloproteinases (collagenase) |
| PGE-2 | prostaglandin, bone loss |
| IL-1 | vasodilation & permeabilit, sticky vessel walls, bone loss |
| TNF-alpha | vasodilation & permeability & sticky vessel walls, bone loss |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear leukocyte, phagocyte |
| Monocyte | in blood, becomes macrophage in tissue |
| B- lymphocyte | anti-body mediated immunity (humoral) |
| T-lymphocyte | cell-mediated immunity |
| plasma cell | antibody production |
| IgG | protects infant first few weeks of life |
| IgA | mucosal surfaces |
| IgM | in blood, first to respond |
| IgE | allergic reactions |
| pavementing | WBCs attach to blood vessel walls |
| margination | WBCs move toward sides of vessel walls |
| chemotaxis | chemical trail to area of injury |
| opsonization | antigens become coated for easy phagocytosis |
| diapedesis | WBCs ooze through permeable blood vessel walls |
| basophils | release histamine |
| phagocyte | surrounds, engulfs, & destroys microorganisms |
| antitgen | substances body perceives as foreign |
| lipopolysaccharide | endotoxin, part of cell wall of gram-neg miroorg. |
| lysosomes | granules found in WBCs, help destroy antigens |
| complement | series of proteins released in a systematic sequence to destroy antigens |
| microcirculation | small blood vessels |
| purulent exudate | contains tissue debris, microorg., dead WBCs |
| lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes |
| pathogenic microorganisms | microorganisms that cause disease |
| immune complex | combination of antigen & antibody, AgAb |
| IL-6 | increases antibody production, bone loss |
| biologic equilibrium | state of balance in internal body environment |
| phagosome | phagocytic vesicle within phagocyte |
| phagolysosome | fusion of phagozome & lysosomal enzymes, destroys antigens |
| ideal healthy periodontium | JE at CEJ |
| gingivitis | reversible tissue destruction, JE at CEJ |
| periodontitis | permanent tissue destruction, JE apical to Cej |
| subclinical disease | mild, doesn't produce symptoms |
| periodontal pathogens | primarily gram-neg anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, spirochetes |
| exotoxins | harmful proteins released by microorg. |
| bacterial enzymes | harmful enzymes released by microorg. |
| host response | how the body responds to perio pathogens |
| orange complex | potential perio pathogens, usually low #s in most oral cavities |
| red complex | microorg. strongly associated with destructive perio diseases |
| arachidonic cascade | results in release of PGE-2 |
| major histocompatibility complex | host system that differentiates between self & nonself |
| membrane attack complex | end-product complement activation that forms holes in bacteria |
