| A | B |
|---|
| Determinants | factors or events capable of bringing about change in health; various factors that make up a multifactorial approach to a disease or health condition |
| Multifactorial | Concept that more must be present for a single cause must be present for a disease or health condition to occur; multiple causation |
| Host | organism housing the disease; the "who" factor of a disease or condition |
| Agent | microbial agent that causes the disease or mechanical cause of the condition; the "what" factor |
| Environment | external factors that contribute to disease transmission and severity; the "where" factor |
| Morbidity | extent of disease, injury, or disability in a defined population |
| Mortality | death rate resulting from a specific disease or condition |
| Incidence | rate of new cases of a disease during or over a given period of time |
| Prevalence | numeric expression of the number of all existing cases of a disease or health condition in a population measured at a given point or period of time |
| Eradication | elimination of an infectious disease agent through surveillance and containment;contrasted to control, which is to keep the disease at a minimum level so that it no longer poses a health program |
| Count | number of cases of disease or condition |
| Proportion | type of ratio that expresses the amount of disease or health condition with a fraction that presents it in relation to the size of the population; can be expressed as a precentage |
| Rate | expression of disease in a population using a standardized denominator and including a time dimension; allows for valid comparisons |
| Index | abbreviated, standardized measurement used to express severity of problems and aid in data collection |
| Validity | accuracy of a measurement; measurement results are true or accurate |
| Reliability | Consistency or reproducibility of a measurement over time |
| Sensitivity | the ability to identify all screened individuals who actually have the disease; influences validity |
| Specificity | the ability to identify only non-diseased individuals who actually do not have the disease; influences validity |
| Calibration | standardization of examiners as they apply epidemiological measurements |
| Inter-rater reliability | agreement among two or more examiners as they apply a test or index |
