| A | B |
|---|
| Induction | interaction between groups of cells that leads to a developmental pathway in the responding tissue |
| Proliferation | controlled cellular growth |
| Differentiation | cells that are alike change into different types of cells that are diffrent structurally and functionally |
| Morphogenesis | process of development of a specific tissue structure and form |
| Maturation | attainment of adult function |
| Fusion | separate embryonic tissues become one |
| Pharyngeal/Branchial Arches | six stacked bilateral swellings or bars of tissue that are inferior to the stomodeum, divided by grooves |
| Buccopharyngeal Membrane | membrane between the stomodeum and the primitive pharynx, breaks down at 4 weeks |
| Stomodeum | primitive oral cavity |
| Frontonasal Process | prominent bulge in the forehead area at the most cephalic end of the embryo |
| Maxillary Processes | from Branchial Arch I; form midface, including cheeks, sides of upper lip, palatal shelves, maxillae, zygomatic bones, part of temporal bones |
| Branchial Arch I | also called the mandibular arch |
| Mandibular Processes | from Branchial Arch I; forms lower face, lower lip, mandible, anterior tongue, muscles of mastication |
| Placodes | areas of ectoderm found at locations of developing sense organs |
| Branchial Arch II | also called the Hyoid Arch; forms muscles of facial expression, part of hyoid bone, part of tongue, mid ear bones... |
| Branchial Arch III | forms part of hyoid bone, phryngeal muscles, posterior tongue |
| Nasal Pits | depressions that contain submerged nasal placodes; will later develop into nasal cavity |
| Oronasal Membrane | separates nasal sacs from stomodeum |
| Medial Nasal Processes | crescent shaped swellings between nasal pits: will fuse intrnally to become the middle of the nose from root to apex, and the philtrum, will fuse internally to become the premaxilla (future primary palate), & nasal septum |
| Lateral Nasal Processes | crescent shaped swellings on outer portion of nasal pits: will become sides of the nose & alae of the nose |
| Cleft Lip | failure of fusion of maxillary processes with medial nasal process |
| Cleft Palate | failure of fusion of the palatal shelves with each other and/or the primary palate and/or nasal septum |
| 1st Branchial Groove | only groove to give rise to a mature structure: external auditory meatus |
| Pharyngeal Pouches | balloon-like pouches that form on the inner portion of the lateral walls of the developing pharynx (between the pharyngeal arches) |
| Globular Process/Philtrum | forms from the fused medial nasal process: will touch the maxillary processes and fuse to form the upper lips & mature philtrum |
| Tuberculum Impar | triangular midline swelling of the developing tongue |
| Lateral Lingual Swellings | portions of the developing tongue that form on either side of the tuberculum impar to help form the tongue |
| Copula | pair of posterior swellings that overgrow parts of the tongue to form the posterior 1/3 or base of the tongue |
| Ectoderm | primary embryonic layer derived from the epiblast layer of the embryonic disc: lines the stomodeum |
| Mesoderm | primary embryonic layer that lies between ectoderm & endoderm |
| Endoderm | primary embryonic layer derived from the hypoblast layer of the embryonic disc |
| Oral Epithelium | derived from ectoderm |
| Palatal Shelves | also called Lateral Palatine Processes: fuse to form hard palate (except area of incisors), soft palate, & uvula |
| Primary Palate | also called the Intermaxillary Segment or the Primitive Palate: contains the maxillary incisor teeth |
| Meckel's Cartilage | cartilage that forms on each side of the mandibular arch and serves as a framework that the mandible develops around; disappears as the mandible is formed |
| Sulcus Terminalis | also called terminal sulcus; fusion line of the copula with the lateral lingual swellings & marks the border between the body & base of the tongue |
