| A | B |
|---|
| AD | auris dextra,right ear |
| AS | auris sinistra, left ear |
| AU | auris uterque, bilateral ears |
| OD | oculus dexter, right eye |
| OS | oculus sinister, left eye |
| OU | oculus uterque, both eyes |
| os | mouth |
| aa | of each |
| ac | before meals |
| ad | to, up to |
| ad lib | as desired |
| am | morning |
| amt | amount |
| c | with |
| dc,DC | discontinue |
| et | and |
| KVO, TKO | keep vein open, to keep open |
| npo, NPO | nothing by mouth (os) |
| pc | after meals |
| OTC | over the counter,no prescription needed |
| per | by means of, by |
| qs | quantity sufficient |
| Rx | take |
| S, Sig | write (on the label), lable |
| s | without |
| ss | on half |
| sos | once if necessary |
| stat | immediately |
| bid | twice a day |
| h,hr | hour |
| hs | hour of sleep (bedtime) |
| prn, PRN | as necessary |
| q | every |
| qo | every other |
| qod | every other day |
| qh | every hour |
| q2h | every 2 hours |
| qd | every day |
| qid | four times a day |
| tid | three times a day |
| cap | capsule |
| elix | elixer |
| emul | emulsion |
| ext | extract |
| gtt/gtts | drop/drops |
| soln | solution |
| supp | suppository |
| susp | suspension |
| syr | syrup |
| tab | tablet |
| ung | ointment |
| inj | injection |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| PO, po | per os, orally |
| SC, subq, subcu | subcutaneously |
| recombinant DNA technology | produces proteins from bacteria by altering the bacteria's DNA to make drugs |
| chemical name | identifies the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug |
| generic name | nonproprietary drug name selected by the original developer and USAN |
| trade name | brand name or propprietary name of a drug |
| intradermal injection | injection given between skin layers |
| intra-articular injection | injection given into a joint space |
| intrathecal injection | injection given into the spinal subarachnoid space |
| intracardiac injection | injection given directly into the heart |
| subcutaneous injection | injection given into the subcutaneous tissue |
| intramuscular injection | injection given into the belly of a muscle |
| parenteral | any medication administration route other than the alimentary canal |
| side effect | expected but unintended effect of a drug |
| adverse effect | undesired, postentially harmful side effect |
| idioscyncratic durg effect | rare, unpredictable adverse reaction. Genetic abnormality related |
| pharmacodynamics | study of how drugs exert their effects |
| agonist | drug binds to a creceptor, alters biologic functions, produces an effect |
| antagonists | bind to receptor site proteins, inhibit a response |
| plasma protein binding | bind to plasma proteins, unable to bind at site of action |
| solution | drugs fully dissolved in liquid medium |
| elixer | sweetened solution of alcohol |
| syrup | sweetened aqueous solution |
| suspension | solid particles suspended in a liquid, requires shaking |
| pharmacokinetics | drug metabolism & action; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
| onset | time between drug administration and first appearance of its effects |
| peak effect | time between drug administration and maximum effect |
| duration | time between onset and disappearance of drug effects |
