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Sociology Chapter 2 Terms

These terms correlate with Sociology: The Study of Human Relationship, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston

AB
CULTUREConsists of all the shared products of human groups.
MATERIAL CULTUREIncludes automobiles, clothing, books, buildings, cooking utensils, and computers.
NONMATERIAL CULTUREAbstract human creations.
SOCIETYA group of mutually interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity.
SYMBOLAnything that stands for something else.
LANGUAGEThe organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system.
VALUESShared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desireable or undesireable.
NORMSThe shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations.
FOLKWAYSNorms that do not have great moral signifcance attached to them.
MORESNorms that have great moral signifcance attached to them.
LAWA written rule of conduct that is enacted and enforced by the government.
CULTURE TRAITAn individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need.
CULTURE COMPLEXA cluster of interrelated traits.
CULTURE PATTERNThe combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole.
ETHNOCENTRISMThe tendency to view ones own culture and group as superior.
CULTURAL RELATIVISMThe belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards.
SUBCULTUREThe unique cultural characteristics of different groups.
COUNTERCULTUREThe new subculture that emerges when a group rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns.



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