| A | B |
|---|
| pH | a unit of measure to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions |
| indicator | changes color in the presence of certain acids or bases |
| organic | contains carbon, occurs naturally, may contain O or N, very complex and large |
| carbohydrates | compounds of sugar molecules |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars, structural unit of carbohydrates |
| -ose | chemical names of sugar end in this |
| dehydration synthesis | the bonding of monomers into polymers by removing water |
| disaccharide | the combination of two sugars by way of dehydration synthesis |
| polysaccharide | multiple monosaccharides bonded together |
| starch | polysaccharides of plants |
| glycogen | starch stored in the human liver |
| hydrolysis | the removing of monomers from polymers by adding water |
| lipids | fats, oils, wax; with much less oxygen than carbohydrates |
| fatty acid | a chain of carbons which hydrogen is bonded to and a carboxyl group |
| carboxyl group | COOH |
| glycerol | 3 carbon chain with OH bonded to each carbon |
| saturated fats | carbon-to-carbon bonds in a fatty acid are single; hard to break down |
| unsaturated fats | good fat; carbon-to-carbon bonds are sometimes joined by a double bond; easy to break down |
| cholesterol | increased by saturated fats; collect in narrow arteries and harden causing heart attacks |
| proteins | found in numerous body parts; contain the element nitrogen |
| amino acids | structural units of proteins; central carbon with COOH, NH2, H, and R group |
| polypeptides | long chains of amino acids; aka protein |
| amino group | NH2 |
| dipeptide | two amino acids joined by dehydration syntheis |
