| A | B |
|---|
| carbohydrates | compound containing carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms; sugars, starches, & dietary fibers |
| functions of carbs | provide energy, preferred source of fuel for body |
| How many calories does a carb provide | four calories per gram |
| 55-65% of daily calories should come from ..... | carbohydrates |
| Carbohydrates also do these 4 things..... | burn fat, fuel brain and nervous system, preserve protein, and provide bulk and fiber |
| Simple (sugars) | enter bloodstream rapidly & give quick energy, provide energy, but few vitamins/minerals. |
| Where simple (sugars) are found naturally? | Naturally in fruits, honey, and milk. |
| Where simple (sugars) are found processed? | Cakes, candy, other deserts, as well as ketchup, spaghetti sauce, & soda. |
| Complex (starches & fiber) | Most calories should come from here. |
| Sources of complex carbohydrates | grains (Breads & pasta) and veggies (potatoes and beans) |
| Starch | Food substance made and stored in most plants. |
| Starches provide.... | Long-lasting energy and are many sugars linked together. |
| Fiber | parts of grains & plant foods that can't be digested. |
| Functions of fiber? | Bulk for feces, clears out digestive tract, reduces blood cholesterol and risk of getting heart disease. |
| Fiber can help to control these diseases.... | diabetes and some cancers. |
| Sources of fiber are.... | wheat, cereal, fruits, & veggies. |
| Recommended allowance of fiber | 25 grams/day - 38 grams/day |
| Role of carbohydrates | to convert to glucose (body fuel) |
| What happens to glucose that is not used right away? | It is stored in the liver and muslce as glycogen. Converted back to glucose when needed. |
| What happens to excess glucose? | It is stored as fat. |
| What happens when the body is deficient of glucose? | The body processes protein into glucose. |
| How do whole grains breakdown? | Slowly |
| Refined grains & simple sugars, unless used right away, cause a burst of..... | insulin to take it out of circulation and into fat & muscle cells for storage. |
| What can cause diabetes and heart disease? | When cells become resistant to insulin, forcing the body to prod. more & more until shut down. |
