| A | B |
|---|
| exchequer (p. 77) | in Britain, the government department responsible for collecting taxes |
| racketeer (p. 81) | somebody who makes money from illegal activities |
| massacre (p. 81) | the vicious killing of large numbers of people |
| propaganda (p.81) | information or publicity (sometimes misleading) put out by an organization or government to spread and promote a policy, idea, doctrine, or cause |
| monopoly (p. 83) | a situation in which one company controls an industry or is the only provider of a product or service |
| mercenary (p. 86) | a professional soldier paid to fight for an army other than that of his or her country |
| preamble (p. 88) | a section at the beginning of a speech, report, or formal document that explains the purpose of what follows |
| redress (p. 961) | compensation or reparation for a loss or wrong a party has experienced |
| magnanimity (p. 961) | great generosity or noble-spiritedness |
| consanguinity (p. 961) | a relationship by blood |
| guerilla (p. 96) | one who fights by stealth and within small bands that make surprise raids against stronger forces |
| pelf (p. 96) | money, wealth, or riches, especially if obtained dishonestly |
| profiteering (p. 97) | making excessive profits by charging high prices for scarce, necessary, or rationed goods |
| constitution (p. 104) | a written statement outlining the basic laws or principles by which a country or organization is governed |
| abolition (p. 106) | the act of outlawing something |
| confederation (p. 106) | a group of states that are allied together to form a political unit in which they keep most of their independence but act together for certain purposes such as defense |
| currency (p. 108) | money |
| admiralty (p. 109) | the office of an admiral, who is the officer in charge of a navy or fleet |
| speculator (p. 110) | somebody who speculates, especially financially |
| ordinance (p. 111) | a law or rule made by an authority, for example, a city government |
| depression (p. 114) | a period in which an economy is greatly affected by unemployment, low output, and poverty |
| anarchy (p. 116) | the absence of any formal system of government in a society |
| sovereign (p. 116) | the ruler or permanent head of a state, especially a king or queen. Can also refer to an old British coin. |
| federal (p. 116) | relating to a political unit established on a federal basis, especially its central government |
| compromise (p. 118) | a settlement of a dispute in which two or more sides agree to accept less than they originally wanted |
| ratify (p. 121) | to formally approve something |
| Federalists (p. 121) | Members of a former political party advocating a strong centralized government. Started by followers of Alexander Hamilton. |
| aristocracy (p. 151) | people of noble families or the highest social class |
| advise and consent (p. 154) | the power given to the United States Senate by the Constitution to review and approve treaties and certain major appointments made by the President. |
| bond (p. 155) | a certificate issued by the government or a company promising to pay back borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest on a specified date |
| construction (p. 157) | the way in which something, such as the Constitution, is interpreted or explained |
| pastoral (p. 157) | used to describe land that is used as pasture |
| protective tariff (p. 157) | a tariff on imports whose primary purpose is to protect a country’s domestic economy rather than to create revenue |
| guillotine (p. 160) | a machine for beheading people |
| neutrality (p. 161) | the state of being neutral, especially as regards noninvolvement in wars and disputes, not taking sides, and not joining alliances |
| maritime (p. 162) | relating to the sea, shipping, sailing in ships, or living and working at sea |
| excise tax (p. 162) | tax imposed on goods intended for a domestic market only |
| alien (p. 167) | somebody who is a citizen of a country other than the one in which he or she lives or happens to be |
| sedition (p. 167) | actions or words intended to provoke or incite rebellion against government authority, or such a rebellion |
