| A | B |
|---|
| Pontiac | led the Ottawa Indians in their siege of Detroit |
| Molasses Act of 1733 | was not enforced. It placed a duty on molasses imported from non-British islands |
| Sugar Act of 1764 | was meant to be enforced, placed a duty on molasses |
| Sons of Liberty | secret society formed to stop the enforcement of the Stamp Act; became the center of the revolutionary movement |
| Declaratory Act | passed by Parliament after it repealed the Stamp Act, affirmed that Parliament did have the right to pass laws for the colonies |
| Townshend Acts | reorganized the colonial customs service and put a duty on many imports |
| Boston Massacre | an incident in which 5 Americans were killed by British soldiers |
| Committees of Correspondence | formed a networkof colonistswho communicated regularly to coordinateopposition to English efforts to impose taxes |
| Joseph Galloway | a delegate to the First Continental Congress, where he attempted to revive the old Albany Plan |
| Paul Revere | rode through the Massachusetts countryside on the night of April 18, 1775 to warn that the British were on the march |
| Common Sense | Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet, which argued that it was 'common sense' for the colonies to become independent |
| William Howe | a British general who took many Tories with him when he retreated from Boston |
| William Dawes | rode with Paul Revere |
| Tories | loyal to the British government |
| First Continental Congress | convened in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, on September 5, 1774, to consider and act on the situation arising from the so-called Intolerable Acts, passed by the British Parliament in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party |
| Thomas Paine | wrote Common Sense |
| mercenaries | people who hired themselves out as soldiers to foreign governments |
| Hessians | German mercenaries hired by the British in the American Revolution |
| The Crisis | pamphlet by Thomas Paine in which he urged the Americans not to give up |
| Cornwallis | British general whose forces were captured in the concluding battle of Yorktown |
| Burgoyne | British general defeated at Saratoga |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French aristocrat commissioned as an officer in the American army |
| Morgan | helped lead the fight against the British in the south |
| de Grasse | commander of the French fleet in America |
| Rochambeau | commander of the French troops in America |
| Annapolis meeting | 1786 gathering of representatives of several states called to discuss the regulation of commerce |
| Alexander Hamilton | insisted that the delegates at Annapolis call for another, larger meeting to revise the Confederation |
| James Madison | representative of Virginia at the Constitutional Convention and author of the Virginia Plan |
| Edmund Randolph | presented the Virginia Plan to the Constitutional Convention |
| Virginia Plan | proposed that the new Congress have two houses, with representation in each based on population |
| William Paterson | author of the New Jersey plan |
| New Jersey Plan | proposed that Congress consist of one house with each state having one vote |
| Henry Knox | appointed the first secretary of war |
| debt assumption | the decision of the federal government to take responsibility for debts that the states had run up during the Revolution and not yet paid |
| strict construction | interpreting the Constitution so that the federal government has only those powers spelled out in it |
| broad construction | interpreting the Constitution so that the federal government has the right to do all things necessary and proper to carry out the powers specified in the Constitution |
| Edmond Genet | French ambassador to the United States who created controversy by interfering in American politics and by seeking help for France in its wars against other European nations |
| Jay's Treaty | stated that England would abandon fur posts in American territory, and set a precedent for settling disputes through joint commissions |
| Pinckney's Treaty | established free navagation of the Mississippi, and the southern boundary of the US |
| Treaty of Greenville | an agreement with the Indians of the Northwest Territory that brought peace and opened most of the Ohio territory to settlers |
| Baron von Steuben | immigrated to America from Germany to help train the American army |
