| A | B |
|---|
| Anonymous | Not identified by name; unknown. |
| Aristotle | A Greek philosopher |
| associate’s degree (AA) | A degree given for successful completion of some courses of study at a two-year college. |
| Auditor | An accountant |
| bachelor of business administration (BBA) | An academic degree in commerce and business administration that typically requires four years of study. |
| bachelor’s degree (BA or BS) | An academic degree typically requiring four years of study |
| bait and switch | A form of marketing in which the retailer lures in customers by advertising a product or a service at an unprofitably low price; the retailer then reveals to potential customers that the advertised good is unavailable but that a substitute—often at a higher price or lower quality—is available instead. |
| beneficence | Action taken for the benefit of others; a key principle in health care ethics. |
| Blog | A personal website where the author records opinions |
| caveat emptor | Latin term that means “let the buyer beware.” The marketing doctrine under which the buyer cannot recover damages from the seller for defects on the property that rendered the property unfit for ordinary purposes (unless defects were purposely concealed). |
| Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer (CECO) | A member of the senior management team whose job is to look at the long-term impact of decisions |
| Code | A set of guidelines that describe acceptable behaviors and activities in a particular sphere; a set of rules and standards to follow. |
| College | An institution of higher learning that offers undergraduate programs |
| Competence | Ability to do something well. |
| Compliance | Acting in accordance with rules and regulations. |
| Confidentiality | The obligation to protect and keep private information belonging to clients and/or customers. |
| Consumer Product Safety Act | Enacted by Congress in 1972 |
| consumer vulnerability | Susceptibility of consumers to target marketing that preys on the inexperience |
| corporate social responsibility | Programs a corporation puts in place to make a positive contribution to a community or society. |
| Corruption | The abuse of entrusted power for private gain. |
| Credibility | The quality of being trusted and believed in. |
| Culture | The attitudes |
| Cyberbullying | Using electronic communication to bully someone. |
| digital media | Tools for communicating that involve the use of a computer and the Internet. |
| Dignity | The quality of being worthy of respect. |
| Doctorate | One of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university; a PhD is a doctor of philosophy |
| Embezzlement | Stealing money placed in trust with an organization or person. |
| fair trade | A trade movement that calls for people to receive a fair price for their goods and services; the movement also encourages more social and environmental sustainability. |
| false advertising | The deliberate use of false statements or deception in advertising. |
| Federal Sentencing Guidelines | Created by the US Sentencing Commission |
| Fiduciary | Involving trust |
| Four Ps | The marketing mix of product |
| Fraud | Criminal deception for financial gain. |
| full disclosure | Providing all information to investors in a company. |
| Globalization | Increasing economic and business interdependence around the world. |
| Graduateschool | Post undergraduate education |
| Greenwashing | A marketing strategy whereby consumers are misled about a company’s environmental practices or the environmental benefits of a product or a service. |
| Griefing | The act of irritating or angering people in video games through the use of destruction |
| Hacking | Using a computer to gain unauthorized access to data. |
| Harm | One of the tests of ethical decision-making: is this the option that does the least amount of harm? |
| Implication | A conclusion that can be drawn but not explicitly stated; a probable consequence; something that is suggested but not directly expressed. |
| Influence | An impact on the behavior |
| Infographic | An image that represents information or data in visual form. |
| information integrity | The assurance that data has not been tampered with in any way and that it has not been altered or damaged through a system error. |
| informed consent | Providing enough information about benefits and risks of a particular course of action so that the person affected can make a decision based on knowledge and reason. |
| insider trading | Using information that is not available to the public to turn an investment profit. |
| Intangible | Something you cannot touch because it does not have a physical presence; for example |
| Integrity | Uprightness of character; the quality of having strong moral principles and honesty. |
| Justice | In health care |
| Kant | a German philosopher born in 1724 |
| Kickback | A bribe offered to an employee in exchange for access to specific products |
| Major | The subject |
| Malware | Software designed to damage or disable computers or computer systems. |
| Marketing | The process or technique of promoting |
| marketing ethics | A field of study within business ethics that deals with the moral and ethical principles behind different marketing strategies. |
| master of business administration (MBA) | An advanced university degree in business studies. |
| master’s degree (MA) | A graduate degree typically requiring two or three years of study beyond a bachelor’s degree; an academic degree higher than a bachelor’s but lower than a doctorate. |
| Mean | In ancient Greece |
| Mill | was an English philosopher born in 1806 who wrote about the ethical theory utilitarianism |
| Minor | A secondary specialization; a student might take 30 or more units in a major |
| money laundering | Concealing the origins of illegally obtained money so that it can be used for legal activities. |
| negative advertising | The attempt to promote a product (or a political candidate) by referring to negative aspects of a competing product (or a competitor). Also known as attack ads. |
| non-maleficence | To do no harm; a key principle in health care ethics. |
| Obligation | An act or series of actions that a person is morally bound to do. A commitment. |
| Occupation | Another word for a job |
| organizational culture | The shared perspectives |
| Outsourcing | The shifting of a company’s business processes |
| Partiality | When one person or group is favored over others. |
| Participatory | Something that encourages people to take part |
| planned obsolescence | When a producer creates a product that will become obsolete and/or nonfunctional after a certain period or amount of use. |
| Plato | A Greek philosopher |
| postsecondary education | Education pursued after high school (secondary school). |
| predatory pricing | The practice of selling a product at a very low price with the intent of driving competitors out of the market |
| price-fixing | An agreement between business competitors to sell the same product or service at the same price |
| price gouging | When a seller’s asking price is much higher than what would be considered fair under the circumstances. |
| product liability | The marketing doctrine under which manufacturers |
| product placement | The process by which manufacturers or advertisers pay a fee to have branded products prominently displayed in a movie |
| Profession | A type of occupation requiring advanced education and training. The members of a profession adhere to agreed-upon standards of behavior and ethical codes. |
| professional code of ethics | A set of guidelines describing how members of a particular profession will pursue their common ideal so that each does his or her best to serve clients or patients |
| professional development | Taking courses |
| Professionalism | The skills |
| proprietary information | Any information that would be valuable to a company’s competitors |
| Publicity | One of the tests of ethical decision-making: would you stand by your decision if it was announced to the world? |
| Quandary | A state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation. |
| Reversibility | One of the tests of ethical decision-making: how would you feel if you were the one affected by the decision? |
| Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) | Passed in 2002 |
| Snitching | Informing on someone; providing information about illegal activity to the police. |
| social responsibility | An individual’s obligation to help make society better. |
| Stakeholder | A person who is concerned or affected by something |
| Standard | Expectation for behavior; an idea or guide to measure against; principles of conduct informed by concepts of honor and decency. |
| Sweatshops | Factories (often clothing factories) with poor or even dangerous working conditions. |
| Tangible | Something you can touch |
| target marketing | When the marketing of a good or a service is aimed at a certain demographic |
| Taxonomy | A categorized list of words that are related to a particular topic. |
| Termination | Ending of employment. |
| Trade | A type of job or occupation requiring special training and skills but not usually a college degree; involves working with one’s hands. Examples: electrician |
| Transparency | A condition in which investors and stakeholders have access to information about how a company operates and what its assets are. |
| Trolling | Making an online post that is provoking or upsetting in order to anger |
| truth in advertising | An ethical duty to be honest to customers about the product or services being offered. |
| Turnover | The rate at which employees leave their employment and are replaced by new employees. A high rate of turnover suggests something is wrong. |
| Undergraduate | A university student who has not yet received a first degree. |
| universal law | Kant’s theory that the moral worth of an action is based upon whether it can be applied universally—that is |
| University | An educational institution that usually maintains one or more four-year undergraduate colleges (or schools) with programs leading to a bachelor’s degree |
| US Sentencing Commission | A group created in 1984 to ensure that corporate crimes receive hefty enough punishments to be effective deterrents. |
| Usury | The illegal practice of charging excessively high interest rates. |
| Utilitarianism | John Stuart Mill’s ethical theory that actions are right based upon how much happiness they create for the greatest number of people |
| Virtue | In ancient Greece |
| virtue theory | The Greek philosopher Aristotle’s theory that we must cultivate character traits that will best bring us a happy life. |
| whistle-blower | Someone who tells a person in authority about unethical or illegal activity occurring in the workplace. |
