| A | B |
|---|
| This, gave Constantinople its biggest advantage for trade | Its location, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia |
| What took place in the Hippodrome | Chariot races |
| Fans of opposing teams of chariot races, that sometimes resorted to street fighting were known as the: | Blues and the Greens |
| Why did Justinian I start a major public works program in Constantinople? | violent riots started by the Blues and Greens destroyed the city |
| What was the Hagia Sophia? | a magnificent Church in Constantinople |
| The organized set of laws created by Justinian that revised outdated and confusing laws of the Roman Empire were known as what? | Justinian Code |
| The religious power structure in the Byzantine Empire....Who had power over whom? | The Emperor had power over the patriarch (bishops of important cities) |
| The Eastern Orthodox missionary St. Cyril is known for creating what? | Cyrillic alphabet |
| Some people in the Byzantine Empire believed some people were wrongly worshiping ICONS, this was banned by emperor Leo III, this banning of icons was known as what? | Iconoclasm |
| What resulted in 1054, after the pope and patriarch excommunicated members of each other’s clergy? | The Orthodox and Catholic churches completely split (schism) |
| How have historians learned about the kingdom of Ghana? | writings of Arab scholars |
| Ghana was probably most noted for its what?..hint: early travelers described Ghana as the land of _________ | gold |
| How did Ghana use the money that was received from taxing goods? | pay government officials |
| How did the king of Ghana conduct imperial business and address the people’s concerns? | in a grand daily court |
| In Ghana’s matrilineal system of succession, who would rule next after the present king dies? | nephew (son of the King's sister) |
| Which factor contributed most to Ghana’s power? | central location |
| What do the following describe: • ability to hold large amount of water • double rows of eyelashes • hairy ear openings | Desert Survival Traits of Camels |
| People who lived in the Southern forests had to trade to get which essential product? | Salt |
| Which term best describes the role of Ghana in the trans-Saharan trade? consumer / gold miner / middleman / salt merchant | middleman |
| Which of these factors caused the resources of Ghana to decline? / decrease in the population able to produce food / raids that captured Ghanaian people for the slave trade / heavy rains that carried away the fertile topsoil / iron furnaces for which people cut trees for fuel | iron furnaces for which people cut trees for fuel |
| What is a dynasty? | a line of rulers from the same family |
| What is a Mandate of Heaven? | Heaven chooses a particular dynasty to rule China |
| How was China after the Han dynasty like Europe after the fall of Rome? | It broke into separate kingdoms |
| What is an aristocrat? Why were they important? | Ruling class of noble families in China and were chosen by emperors to help them rule |
| Which dynasty first introduced civil service examinations? | Han |
| Some of the questions on the civil service examination were about what: /poetry / science / business /mathematics. | poetry |
| In the Song Dynasty, if you took the civil service exam, it would be based on the teachings of whom? | Confucius |
| How did the lives of some people from the lower classes change under the Song dynasty as a result of the civil service exam? | They gained an opportunity to become government officials |
| In Imperial China, in a meritocracy, selection of officials was based on what? | test scores |
| According to Confucius, rulers had a duty to do what pertaining to the people they ruled? | be kind to them |
| Whom did the emperor Kublai Khan trust most to hold government jobs? monks, because they were religious / foreigners, because he was a foreigner / soldiers, because they could keep order / scholars, because they were educated | foreigners, because he was a foreigner |
| What is a SOLAR YEAR? | the time it takes Earth to go once around the sun according the Mayan calendar |
| What was the purpose of Mayan glyphs? | to communicate sounds, words, and ideas |
| How can tourists in Mexico observe Aztec technology still in use? | take a boat to see flowers grown on artificial islands |
| What achievement did the Aztecs adapt from the Mayas? | system of two calendars |
| The Aztec system of writing made use of what? | pictographs |
| What challenge did the Incas face to a much larger extent than other peoples in the Americas? hint: What might be the biggest difference between the Incan Empire from the other 2 geographically speaking? | controlling a very large empire |
| How did travelers on Incan roads cross rivers? | suspension bridges |
| Why did Incan farmers terrace their fields? | to increase available cropland |
| The sets of strings called quipus helped solve what problem of the Incas? | lack of a written language |
| The city on the eastern edge of Europe which Constantine made the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 C.E. | Constantinople |
| Rule by officials that have proven their merit. | Meritocracy |
| In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the bishop of an important city. | patriarch |
| A line of rulers descended from one family. | dynasty |
| A Christian religion that developed out of early Christianity in the Byzantine Empire | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| a highly complex body of workers with many levels of authority | bureaucracy |
| Belonging to or related to an emperor. | imperial |
| Political leader of a territory containing several countries or groups of people. | emperor |
| A military leader operating outside the control of the government. | warlord |
| The name for the Eastern Roman Empire, located at the Crossroads of Europe and Asia; it lasted from 500-1453 C.E. | Byzantine Empire |
| A test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government. | civil service exam |
| A ruling class of noble families. | aristocracy |
| A type of surgery in which a hole is made in the skull. | trephination |
| A medieval civilization and empire in W. Africa known for its wealth and trade. | Ghana |
| A symbol for a word, idea, or sound in a hieroglyphic system of writing. | glyph |
| A family line traced through the mother. | matrilineal |
| A regional variety of a language in the Mayan civilization. | dialect |
| Trade between peoples North and South of the Sahara desert. | Trans-Saharan Trade |
| A vertical stone slab or pillar with carvings or inscriptions on it seen in Mayan culture. | stele |
| The time it takes the Earth to travel once around the sun. | solar year |
