| A | B |
|---|
| Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation | Each state had only one vote- Congress can't tax- No executive branch- No judicial branch, Congress can't regulate trade |
| Thomas Paine | wrote Common Sense encouraging a new form of government |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of Declaration of Independence |
| Declaration of Independence | announces U.S. independance and lists greviences agains the King's rule |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments added to Constitution to gaurentee individual rights |
| Federalists | favored constitution promised bill of rights |
| Anti-federalists | opposed constitution... wanted a guarentee of individual rights |
| Preamble | states the 6 reasons for writing the Constitution |
| Article I | Outlines the responsibilities of the Legislative branch |
| Article II | Outlines the responsibilities of Executive Branch |
| Article III | Outlines the responsiblities of the Judicial Branch |
| Popular Sovereignty | government can exist only with the consent of the people |
| Ratification | formal approval of a constitutional amendment or treaty |
| judicial review | power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional by the supreme court decision in Marbury vs. Madison |
| separation of powers | divide responsibilities among the 3 branches of government |
| jurisdiction of government | authority of a court of law |
| checks and balances | allows each branch to check the actions of the others |
| House of Representatives representation | by population of each state |
| Senate representation | 2 per state |
| Continuous body | senators serve a 6 year term and only one-third of the senators expire every two years. |
| Representative qualifications | 25 years old, citizen of U.S. for seven years, must live in state where elected |
| Senator qualifications | 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, live in state where elected |
| Legislative branch | passes/ makes laws |
| Executive branch | enforces laws passed by Congress |
| Judicial branch | interpretes the constitution |
| Census | count of population every 10 years |
| Powers of Congress | levy taxes, regulate trade and commerce, establish post offices, borrows money |
| Chief Administrator | leader of the federal government |
| Chief Diplomat | responsible for foreign policy and treaties |
| Chief Citizen | representative of all people |
| Commander in Chief | leader of nations armed forces |
| President qualifications | 35 years old, natural born citizen, lived in U.S. for 14 years |
| Roles of Vice President | preside over the Senate, help decide the question of presidential disability |
| Writ of Certiorari | Authority of the Supreme Court to hear a case on appeal from a lower court |
| Due process | laws are reasonable and individuals be given a fair trial |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly and Petition |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to Bear Arms and form a state militia |
| 4th Amendment | Search, Seizure and Proper Warrents |
| 5th Amendment | Criminal Proceedings, Due Process |
| 8th Amendment | Bail, Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
| 13th Amendment | Abolish slavery |
| 15th Amendment | Right to vote- Race, color Servitude |
| 19th Amendment | Vote for Women |
| 22nd Amendment | Presidential Tenure- limits the president to 2 terms |
| 26th Amendment | Right to Vote- Age 18 |
| Establishment Clause | seperation between church and state |
| Constituency | the people and interests that an elected official represents |
| Implied powers | powers that can be interpreted into the Constitution, those that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers |
| Expressed powers | powers that are spelled out in the Constitution |
| Appellate jurisdiction | the authority of the court to review decisions of lower courts |
| Probable cause | resonable suspicion of a crime |
| Filibuster | tactics aimed at defeating a bill in congress by preventing a final vote |
| Veto | the presidents power to reject a bill passed by congress |
| Father of the Constitution | James Madison |
| Great Compromise | bicameral legislature- represented by population in one house and equally in the other |
| Popular Sovereignty | government ruled by the people |
| John Locke | Jefferson used this philosophers ideas of life, liberty and happiness when creating the Declaration of Independance |
| republic | the type of governement that the founding fathers established |
| 2 years | House of Representives term |
| 6 years | Senates term |
| elastic clause | granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out their expressed powers |
| 25th Amendement | presidential disability |
| 9 | number of supreme court justices |
| congress then 3/4 of all the states | amendments are added to the constitution |
| Illinois constitution | which is more specific the US Constitution or the Illinois Constitution |
| 118 | number of representatives in the Illinois general Assembly |
| 59 | number of Senators in the Illinois general assembly |
| 7 | number of Articles in the US Constitution |
| 14 | number of Articles in the Illinois Constitution |
| Illinois General Assembly | makes laws specific for the state. |
| Process of adding an amendment to the Constitution | is between Congress and the States |
| Supreme Court | no specific qualifications... term is for life |
| impeachment | the formal process for removing a President or a govenor |
| Cabinet members | appointed by the President and approved by the Senate |
| The Great Compromise | determined representation in Congress. Equal representation in one house and by population in the other |
