| A | B |
|---|
| Acquired immunity | host receives natural or artifical antibodies produced by another source |
| Active Immunity | host produces antibodies in repose to natural(infectious agents) or artifical(I.e.vaccines) antigens |
| antibodies | immunoglobulins-defend against infections |
| antigens | substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness(immunity) |
| antiseptics | inhibit the growth of some microorganisms |
| disinfectants | agents that destroy kpathogens other than spores |
| infection | invasion of body tissue by microorganisms & proliferation there |
| disease | detectable alteration in normal tissue function |
| virulence | refers to microorganisms ability to produce disease |
| Communicable disease | one that can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact |
| Pathogenicity | ability to produce disease |
| opportunistic pathogen | causes disease only in a susceptible individual |
| Medical Asepsis | all practices intended to confine, limit #,growth, and transmission of microorganisms;Clean technique |
| Asepsis | freedom from disease-causing microorganisms |
| Surgical asepsis | pracices that keep an area free of ALL microorganisms |
| Sepsis | state of infection |
| septicemia | systemic infection with bacteria |
| acute infection | appear suddenly, last a short time |
| Chronic infection | may occur slowly over a long period and may last months or years |
| nosocomial infection | infections develop during a client's stay in facility or manifest right after discharge |
| reservoir | source of infection |
| vehicle | substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host |
| fomites | inanimate materials or objects (toys, eating utensils) |
| vector | animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infecious agent |
| direct transmission | immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person |
| indirect transmission | can be either vehicle or vector-borne |
| airborne transmission | many involve droplets or dust |
| compromised host | person at "increase risk" |
| phagocytes | cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles |
| eye protected from infection by | tears |
| carrier | person or animal reservois of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease |
| inflammation | local and nonspecific response of tissues to an injurious or infectious agent |
| five signs of inflammation;rubor, calor, tumor, dolor | pain swelling, redness, heat, impaired function of the part |
| itis means | inflammation |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| normal leukocyte count | 4,500- 11,000 |
| ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | time it takes for RBC's to settle; increased in presence of infection |
| culture | laboratory cultivations or growth of microorganisms from urine,blood or other drainage |
| portal of entry | how microorganisms enter the body |
| susceptible host | any person who is at risk for infection |
| compromised host | person at "increased risk" for infection; very young, very old, immunosuppressed, immunodeficiency disease |
| incubation stage | the time between the entry of an organism and the appearance of clinical |
| prodromal stage | the onset of nonspecific symptoms (i.e., flulike) to more specific symptoms |
| illness stage | manifestations of signs and symptoms of the disease |
| convalescent stage | recovery phase; symptoms are no longer present |
| iatrogenic | an adverse condition brought about by the effects of a treatment(s) or therapy |
| white blood cell | blood cell increases in number due to an infection in the body |
| phagocytosis | digest foreign material; engulfs microorganisms such as bacteria and destroys them |
| viruses | smallest of the infectious agents |
| parasites | organisms that live in or on another organism |
| fungi | yeasts and molds |
| medical asepsis | clean technique |
| communicable period | period after infection when an infectious agent can be transmitted to another host |
| window phase | period during which antigen is present but seroconversion has not yet taken place |
| latent period | period after infection when an infection agent cannot be transmitted to another host |
| seroconversion | process of converting from a "negative" to a "positive" blood test |
| specific immunity | uses lymphocytes to provide protection against specific pathogens |
| natural killer cells | a lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys infectious or tumor cells |
| interferon | a protein that defends against viral infections |
| complement protein | group of approximately 20 inactivated plasma proteins called complement and circulate in the blood |
| transmission based precautions | second tier of precautions and used depending on how microorganisms are transmitted |
| standard precaustions | first tier of precautions and used with all patients |
