| A | B |
|---|
| Replication | The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself in its nucleus |
| Erwin Chargaff | Proved that A=T and C=G |
| Watson and Crick | Proved that DNA was a double helix |
| Anticodon | Exposed base triplet on tRNA |
| gene expression (protein synthesis) | The overall process of putting together amino acids to form proteins |
| Codon | Set of 3 nitrogen bases specifying an amino acid |
| DNA | Molecule that passes genetic information from one generation to the next |
| tRNA | Transports amino acids to the ribosomes |
| mRNA | Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| gene | A segment of DNA that controls hereditary traits |
| transcription | The process of transferring information from DNA to RNA |
| translation | The process of bonding amino acids in a specific sequence to form proteins |
| nucleotide | A subunit that consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and a base |
| microarray | A tool that allows scientists to know the differences among different cells |
| repressor | A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and inhibits transcription |
| promoter region | Structures that allow the RNA polymerase to bind and therefore initiate transcription |
