| A | B |
|---|
| Bush v. Gore | U.S. Supreme Court reversed a Florida Supreme Court request for a selective manual recount of that state’s U.S. presidential election ballots. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | U.S. Supreme Court advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws |
| Brown v. Board of Education | U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (9-0) that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment, which prohibits the states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person within their jurisdictions |
| Hammer v. Dagenhart | U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Keating-Owen Act, which had regulated child labor |
| U.S. v. Darby Lumber Co. | U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, holding that the U.S. Congress had the power under the commerce clause to regulate employment conditions |
| Erie Railroad v. Tompkins | U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court held that federal courts did not have the judicial power to create general federal common law when hearing state law claims under diversity jurisdiction |
| New Jersey v. New York | U.S. Supreme Court case in which it was determined that roughly 90% of Ellis Island was part of New Jersey rather than New York |
| Marbury v. Madison | U.S. Supreme Court case which first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review |
| Little v. Barreme | U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court found that the President of the United States does not have “inherent authority” or “inherent powers” that allow him to ignore a law passed by the U.S. Congress |
| Fletcher v. Peck | U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the court first ruled a state law unconstitutional |
| Martin v. Hunter's Lessee | U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court asserted its authority under Section 25 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to review state court decisions dealing with federal law |
| DeFunis v. Odegaard | U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled by a five-to-four vote in a per curiam opinion that a constitutional challenge to the use of affirmative action in the admissions policy of a state-operated law school was moot. |
| Roe v. Wade | U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled that unduly restrictive state regulation of abortion is unconstitutional |
