| A | B |
|---|
| thermodynamics | study of flow and transformation of energy through living things |
| entropy | measure of energy in a system that cannot be used to do work |
| energy | ability to do work |
| work | ability to change or move matter against other forces |
| metabolism | refers to all chemical reactions in a cell |
| producers | make energy for themselves |
| autotrophs | use light or chemicals to produce energy |
| photoautotrophs | obtain energy from the sun and store in organic compounds |
| chemoautotrophs | use inorganic substance as source of energy |
| heterotrophs | obtain energy from other organisms |
| catabolic | energy is released as a result of larger molecules being broken down |
| anabolic | builds larger molecules |
| photosynthesis | process in which light energy from sun is converted to chemical energy |
| cellular respiration | energy process which takes place in ALL eukaryotic cells |
| cellular respiration | occurs in cytoplasm AND mitochondria |
| photosynthesis | occurs in chloroplasts |
| cellular respiration | usable energy released in the form of ATP |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | energy produced during cellular respiration |
| macro-molecules | group of larger organic compounds used in biochemical reactions |
| carbohydrates | macro-molecule that is source of energy |
| proteins | most common macro-molecule composed of amino acids |
| proteins | macro molecule that transports substances & provides structural support |
| lipids | macro molecule that makes up fats and oils along with storing energy |
| nucleic acids | macro molecule that makes up DNA and RNA |
| nucleic acids | macro molecule that stores and carries genetic information |
| macro molecules | lips, proteins, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| biochemical paths | series of reactions where the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next |
| product | found on right side of chemical reaction |
| reactants | found on the left side of chemical reactions |
| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY | ENERGY CAN BE CONVERTED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER |
| CHLOROPLASTS | CELL STRUCTURE WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS |
| MITOCHONDRIA | CELL STRUCTURE THAT PRODUCES ATP |
| CHLOROPHYLL | LIGHT ABSORBING PIGMENT IN THE CHLOROPLAST THAT TRAPS LIGHT ENERGY |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| RESPIRATION | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY |
| POLYSACCHARIDES | LARGE MOLECULE MADE OF MANY SACCHARIDES EX: STARCH, CELLULOSE & COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES |
| MONOSACCHARIDES | CLASS OF SUGARS THAT CANNOT BE REDUCED INTO SIMPLER SUGAR THAT MAKES UP CARBOHYDRATES |
| NUCLEIC ACIDS | Store and pass on genetic information. Chemical makeup includes nitrogen, sugar, and phosphate |
| CARBOHYDRATES | Provide cells with quick/short-term energy, source of dietary fiber. Chemical makeup is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio |
| PROTEINS | Provide cell structure, send chemical signals, speed up chemical reactions, etc. Made up of chains of amino acids which include atoms of nitrogen |
| LIPIDS | Provide cells with long-term energy, make up biological membranes, and don't readily dissolve in water. Made up of fatty acids. |
| MACROMOLECULES | VERY LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULE NECESSARY FOR GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LIVING ORGANISMS. CLASSES ARE LIPIDS, PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS |
| 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat) |
| 1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | Heat is a form of energy which can be neither created nor destroyed but can be changed in form |
| MONOMERS | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| AMINO ACIDS | organic compounds that combine to form proteins. |
