| A | B |
| claim | to state that something is true, even though it has not been proved |
| despite | used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it |
| establish | to start a company, organization, system, etc that is intended to exist or continue for a long time |
| forbidden | not allowed, especially because of an official rule |
| former | happening or existing before, but not now |
| found(ed) | to start something such as an organization, company, school, or city, often by providing the necessary money |
| survive | to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness |
| subjects | an area of knowledge that you study at a school or university |
| century | one of the 100-year periods measured from before or after the year of Christ’s birth |
| efficient | when someone or something works well without wasting time, money, or energy |
| engineer(ing) | the work involved in designing and building roads, bridges, machines etc |
| flood(ed) | to cover a place with water, or to become covered with water |
| natural | not caused, made, or controlled by people |
| prize | something that is given to someone who is successful in a competition, race, game of chance etc |
| rotate | to turn with a circular movement around a central point, or to make something do this |
| threaten | to be likely to harm or destroy something |