| A | B |
|---|
| GLUCOSE | What carbohydrate is produced during photosynthesis? |
| CHITIN | What is the main polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of insects? |
| CELLULOSE | What polysaccharide serves as a source of dietary fiber? |
| STARCH | What polysaccharide do PLANTS use to store excess glucose molecules for later use? |
| GLYCOGEN | What polysaccharide do ANIMALS use to store excess glucose for later use? |
| DISACCHARIDE | What type of molecule is defined as two monosaccharides bonded together? |
| POLYSACCHARIDE | What type of molecule is defined as many monosaccharides bonded together? |
| What is another name for monosaccharides? | SIMPLE SUGAR |
| PLANT CELLS | What type of cells have a cell wall? |
| The cell walls of plants are primarily composed of ____. | cellulose |
| What sugar is found in DNA molecules? | DEOXYRIBOSE |
| What sugar is found in RNA molecules? | RIBOSE |
| What is the main purpose of nucleic acids? | TO STORE AND TRANSFER GENETIC INFORMATION |
| What are the subunits of a nucleic acid? | NUCLEOTIDES |
| What are the three parts of a nucleotide? | A SUGAR, A PHOSPHATE, AND A NITROGEN BASE |
| What nitrogen bases are found in DNA molecules? | A, C, G, and T |
| What nitrogen bases are found in RNA molecules? | A, C, G, and U |
| What term is used to describe the "twisted ladder" shape of a DNA molecule? | DOUBLE HELIX |
| In nucleic acids, ______ are bonded to phosphate groups. | SUGAR MOLECULES |
| The "sugar-phosphate backbone" is made of sugar and phosphate groups held together by ______ (type of bond). | phosphodiester bonds |
| In nucleic acids, complementary nitrogen bases are held together by _____ (type of bond). | HYDROGEN BONDS |
| What term is used to describe two nitrogen bases that will bond together or "pair up"? | COMPLEMENTARY |
| What nitrogen base is complementary to thymine (T)? | ADENINE (A) |
| What nitrogen base is complementary to cytosine (C)? | GUANINE (G) |
| What nitrogen base is complementary to guanine (G)? | CYTOSINE (C) |
| What two nitrogen bases are complementary to adenine (A)? | THYMINE (T) and URACIL (U) |
| What process creates copies of a DNA molecule? | DNA REPLICATION |
| What term refers to the "Y-shaped" fork that occurs during replication? | REPLICATION FORK |
| What enzymes are responsible for separating the two parent DNA strands during DNA replication? | HELICASE ENZYMES |
| What enzymes are responsible for adding complementary nitrogen bases (nucleotides) during DNA replication? | DNA POLYMERASE ENZYMES |
| How many nucleotide strands does a DNA molecule have? | 2 |
| How many nucleotide strands does an RNA molecule have? | 1 |
| How similar are the daughter molecules produced during DNA replication? | IDENTICAL |
| DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to unpaired strands known as "______" strands. | template |
| What term, used to describe DNA replication, means that half of the parent molecule is passed to each daughter molecule? | SEMI-CONSERVATIVE |
| What are the two major roles fulfilled by lipids? | PROTECTION and LONG-TERM ENERGY STORAGE |
| Most lipids are described as ______. | hydrophobic |
| What are the subunits (parts) of a fat? | 1 GLYCEROL MOLECULE AND 3 FATTY ACIDS |
| What are the subunits (parts) of a phospholipid? | 1 GLYCEROL MOLECULE, 2 FATTY ACIDS, AND 1 PHOSPHATE GROUP |
| What term is used to refer to molecules that have NO electrical charge? | NONPOLAR |
| What term is used to refer to molecules with a PARTIAL electrical charge? | POLAR |
| What term is used to refer to molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms? | ORGANIC |
| Fats that are liquids at room temperature are often referred to as _____. | oils |
| What term is used to refer particles that have a FULL electrical charge? | IONIC |
| HYDROPHOBIC | What term is used to refer to molecules that are not attracted to water? |
| What part of a phospholipid is POLAR? | HEAD |
| What part of a phospholipid is NONPOLAR?? | TAILS |
| The cell membrane is primarily composed of which type of lipids? | PHOSPHOLIPIDS |
| What type of lipids have a "four-ring" structure? | STEROIDS |
| What type of lipids form the "cuticle" of plants to reduce water loss from the plant? | WAXES |
| What two types of organic macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? | LIPIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES |
| PHOSPHATE GROUPS | What subunits (parts) are found in phospholipids but NOT in fats? |
| What is the main function of most carbohydrates? | SUPPLY ENERGY QUICKLY |
| If a carbohydrate has 3 carbon atoms, then it probably has ___ hydrogen atoms. | 6 |
| If a carbohydrate has 3 carbon atoms, then it probably has ___ oxygen atoms. | 3 |
