| A | B |
|---|
| Silk Road | an ancient network of trade routes |
| Social stratification | the way people are ranked and ordered in society |
| Mandate of Heaven | the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time chosen by the gods |
| Civil Service | a method of appointing government employees on the basis of competitive examinations |
| Legalism | a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control |
| Republic | power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people (Rome) |
| Democracy | government controlled by its citizens, either directly or indirectly (Athens) |
| Totalitarianism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator |
| Filial Piety | respect for one’s elders, parents and ancestors |
| Caste system | a strict social stratification system that characterized Hindu society |
| Oligarchy | rule by a small group, generally of wealthy men |
| Bureaucracy | administrative offices of a government staffed with non-elected workers |
| Patricians | upper class of Roman society |
| Plebeians | commoner social class of Roman society |
| Autocratic | refers to rulers who have absolute power |
| Diffusion | the spread of ideas and products |
| Aqueduct | an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge across a valley |
| Acropolis | complex built on a high hill. |
| Assembly | a group of citizens who met to discuss laws and politics |
