| A | B |
|---|
| Albert Einstein | scientist who developed the theory of relativity |
| theory of relativity | idea that as moving objects approach the speed of light, space and time become relative |
| Sigmund Freud | physician who exposed the workings of the unconscious mind |
| existentialism | philosophy that says each person must make meaning in a world that has no universal meaning |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | German philosopher who dismissed reason, democracy, and progress as empty ideas |
| surrealism | art movement in which a dreamlike world, outside of reality, is portrayed or evoked |
| jazz | lively, loose form of popular music developed in the United States |
| coalition government | temporary alliance of several political parties |
| Weimar Republic | government of Germany after World War I |
| Great Depression | severe economic downturn that followed the collapse of the U.S. stock market in 1929 |
| recession | a slowdown in a nation’s economy |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | president of the United States during the Depression |
| New Deal | Roosevelt’s program for creating jobs and improving the American economy |
| John Maynard Keynes | British economist whose theory states that governments could prevent economic downturns through deficit spending |
| fascism | political movement based on nationalism that gives power to a dictator and takes away individual rights |
| Benito Mussolini | fascist leader of Italy |
| Adolf Hitler | fascist leader of Germany |
| Nazism | German brand of fascism |
| Mein Kampf | book by Hitler outlining his beliefs and goals for Germany |
| lebensraum | living space |
| Hirohito | emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989; he led Japan during World War II |
| appeasement | giving in to keep the peace |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Francisco Franco | Spain’s fascist dictator |
| isolationism | belief that political ties with other countries should be avoided |
| Third Reich | German empire |
| Munich Conference | meeting of world powers in 1938 that allowed Hitler to take part of Czechoslovakia |
