| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic unit of body structure |
| to live and function cells need | food, water, and oxygen |
| The part of the cell that directs cell activities | nucleus |
| the nucleus is located | in the center of the cell |
| 46 | number of chromosomes in each cell |
| genes | control inherited traits |
| mitosis | cell division |
| tissues | groups of cells with similar functions |
| muscle tissue | helps body to move by stretching and contracting |
| organs | groups of tissue with the same function |
| systems | groups of organs working together to perform special functions |
| integumentary system | skin |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| melanin | gives the skin its color |
| dermis | contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands |
| skin | regulates body temperature |
| oil glands | keep skin soft |
| protection | function of the skin |
| musculoskeletal system | provides framework for the body |
| long bones | bear the body weight |
| periosteum | contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with oxygen |
| bone marrow | blood cells are formed here |
| joint | where two or more bones meet |
| allow movement | joints |
| ligaments | hold bones together at the joints |
| ball and socket joints | hips and shoulders |
| voluntary muscles | leg and arm muscles |
| function of muscles | maintain posture |
| tendons | connect muscles to bones |
| sphincters | circular bands of muscle fibers that constrict a passage |
| cerebrum | responsible for thought and intelligence |
| cerebellum | responsible for regulating and controlling body movements |
| reasoning and memory are impaired by | damage to the cerebral cortex |
| midbrain, pons, medulla | brainstem |
| medulla | controls heart rate, breathing, and size of blood vessels |
| swallowing, coughing, and vomiting | are controlled by the medulla |
| spinal cord | conducts messages to and from the brain |
| spinal cord | 18 inches long |
| cerebrospinal fluid | protects the central nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| sympathetic nervous system | speeds up body functions |
| exercising, fear, or excitement | stimulates the sympathetic nervous system |
| conjunctiva | white of the eye |
| pupil | opening in the middle of the iris |
| pupil dilates (gets larger) | when it is dark |
| pupil constricts (gets smaller) | when it is light |
| retina | contains nerve fibers |
| light enters the eye through | pupil |
| function of the ear | balance |
| cerumen | waxy substance in the ear |
| tympanic membrane | separates the external and middle ear |
| eardrum | tympanic membrane |
| semicircular canals | part of the ear that carries messages to the brains |
| plasma | liquid part of the blood |
| hemoglobin | gives red blood cells color |
| bright red blood cells | are saturated(filled)with oxygen |
| bone marrow | produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| white blood cells | protect the body against infection |
| myocardium | muscular part of the heart |
| right atrium | receives blood from body tissues |
